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Top Attractions in Welwyn

Welwyn Roman Baths

The Welwyn Roman Baths are a Roman ruin preserved under the A1 just north of modern-day Welwyn Garden City, Hertfordshire, England. The baths were a small part of the Dicket Mead villa, which was originally built in the 3rd century AD. The village of Welwyn has been described as being the site of a Romano-British settlement, where a Roman road crossed the river Mimram. The full extent of the Dicket Mead villa was never fully excavated, but the baths were only one of at least four buildings in total. The complex was probably part of a farm. It has been speculated that it might have been at least in part the equivalent of a hotel, lying as it does near Roman roads. The ruins were uncovered in 1960 by local archaeologist Tony Rook, and the baths were gradually uncovered over the following 10 years by excavation. Shortly after the excavation was completed, the Ministry of Transport announced the route of a new motorway, straight over the top of the excavation. Eventually arrangements were made whereby a steel vault would be built over the top of the baths with an access tunnel for the public. Once the vault was completed the motorway was built over the top of it, and the remains of the baths sit 9 metres below junction 6. Only about half of the original extent of the baths is now on display. Visible parts remaining include the hypocaust, the tepidarium, caldarium and the frigidarium floor and cold bath, constructed from opus signinum. Today the baths are open to the public every day during Herts school holidays from 14:00 to 17:00 or, and outside school holiday periods at weekends and bank holidays 14:00 to 17:00 Admission is free for children, and a small charge is made for adults. Once the vault was finished, the bulk of the remaining parts of the Dicket Mead villa were covered over by the roadworks. Archaeological material from the site is stored at Mill Green Museum, part of Welwyn Hatfield Museum Service, which also operates the baths. This stored material can be inspected by contacting the curator.

The Frythe

The Frythe is a country house set in its own grounds in rural Hertfordshire, just outside the village of Welwyn, about 30 miles north of London. The Frythe was part of the property of Holywell Priory, Shoreditch, and in 1523 William Wilshere obtained a sixty year lease of the Frythe from the priory. As a result of the dissolution of the monasteries, in 1539 the property was granted to Sir John Gostwick and Joan his wife. Within ten years, Wilshere had purchased The Frythe from Gostwicks heirs, and the property remained in the possession of the Wilshere family for several centuries. The present "Gothic revival" mansion was built in 1846 for William Wilshere . The architects were Thomas Smith and Edward Blore. After William Wilsheres death in 1867 the house was enlarged by his brother Charles Willes Wilshere who inherited it. In 1908 on Charles Wilsheres death, it passed on to his three unmarried daughters until the last one died in 1934. The estate passed to a great-nephew, Captain Gerald Maunsell Gamul Farmer who ran the house as "The Frythe Residential and Private Hotel". The Frythe was commandeered in August 1939 by the British Military Intelligence. During World War II it became a secret British Special Operations Executive factory known as Station IX making commando equipment. Secret research included military vehicles and equipment, explosives and technical sabotage, camouflage, biological and chemical warfare. In the grounds of the Frythe small cabins and barracks functioned as laboratories and workshops. The Frythe was for many years a commercial research facility, operated by Unilever and later GlaxoSmithKline. The Frythe site was closed by GlaxoSmithKline and sold to a property development company on 19 December 2010. The site is now standing empty while planning permission for houses is being applied for.
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