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Top Attractions in Donetsk Oblast

Donetsk

Donetsk (Ukrainian: Донецьк Ukrainian pronunciation: [doˈnɛt͡sʲk], translit. Donets’k; Russian: Доне́цк, tr. Donetsk; IPA: [dɐˈnʲɛtsk]; former names: Aleksandrovka, Yuzovka, Stalino (see also: cities' alternative names)) is an industrial city in Ukraine on the Kalmius River. The population was estimated at 953,217 (2013 est.) in the city, and over 2,000,000 in the metropolitan area (2011). According to the 2001 Ukrainian Census, Donetsk was the fifth-largest city in Ukraine. Since April 2014, the city is the administrative centre of and effectively administered by the Donetsk People's Republic. Administratively, it has been the centre of Donetsk Oblast, while historically, it is the unofficial capital and largest city of the larger economic and cultural Donets Basin region. Donetsk is adjacent to another major city of Makiivka and along with other surrounding cities forms a major urban sprawl and conurbation in the region. Donetsk has been a major economic, industrial and scientific centre of Ukraine with a high concentration of companies and a skilled workforce. The original settlement in the south of the European part of the Russian Empire was first mentioned as Aleksandrovka in 1779, under the Russian Empress Catherine the Great. In 1869, British businessman, John Hughes, built a steel plant and several coal mines in the region; the town was named Yuzovka in recognition of his role ("Yuz" being a Russian-language approximation of Hughes). During Soviet times, the city's steel industry was expanded. In 1924, it was renamed Stalino, and in 1932 the city became the centre of the Donetsk region. Renamed Donetsk in 1961, the city today remains the centre for coal mining and steel industry. Since April 2014, Donetsk and its surrounding areas have been one of the major sites of fighting in the War in Donbass.

Mariupol

Mariupol is a city of regional significance in southeastern Ukraine, situated on the north coast of the Sea of Azov at the mouth of the Kalmius river. It is the tenth-largest city in Ukraine and the second largest in the Donetsk Oblast. Population: 461,810 (2013 est.). Following the capture of Donetsk city by pro-Russian insurgents associated with the Donetsk People's Republic in 2014, Mariupol was made the provisional administrative centre of Donetsk Oblast. The city was retaken on June 13, 2014 by government troops and has been under heavy bombardment and the fighting has intensified as of August 2015. Mariupol was founded on the site of a former Cossack encampment named Kalmius. It was granted city rights in 1778. Mariupol has been a centre for the grain trade, metallurgy, and heavy engineering. The Ilyich Steel & Iron Works and Azovstal propelled Mariupol onto the European stage in the 20th century as one of the largest and most productive plants. Mariupol played a key role in the industrialization of Ukraine. Between 1948-1989 the city was known as Zhdanov due to the Soviet authorities frequently renaming cities after communist leaders. Today, Mariupol remains a centre for industry, as well as higher education and business, a legal centre, and the economic engine of Pryazovia.

Soledar Salt Mine

The scale of the Soledar Salt Mines is vast. The mines have 125 miles of tunnel, are at a depth of 288m, and many of the chambers are 30 meters in height, The largest resembles a hangar of about 100 meters long and 40 meters width and 40 m height, and has accommodated soccer matches and the inflation of a hot air ballon. The temperature underground is constant at 14–15 °C, 772 mm Hg air pressure and 60% humidity regardless of time of the year. giving rise to claims of healing properties for lung conditions. Many of the chambers are exquisitely decorated with carvings in the salt rock There are accommodation areas and even a church. In October 2004 the Donetsk Symphony Orchestra under direction of Austrian conductor Kurt Schmid gave a symphony concert in the main chamber, accompanied by Viennese Opera, singer Victoria Lukyanets.

Donetsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre named after A. Solovyanenko

Donetsk State Academic Opera and Ballet Theatre named after A. Solovyanenko was established in 1932 in Lugansk on the basis of fit-up theatre of Right-bank Ukraine. Since 15 March 1932 the theatre was transferred to Donetsk theatre group The first season opened on September 1, 1932 with opera Prince Igor composed by Alexander Borodin. On April 12, 1941, the Theatre opened the season in the new theater building by premiere of Mikhail Glinka's Ivan Susanin. On August 7, same year, the premiere of the first ballet performance Laurencia by Alexander Crain was held. After the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War part of the company was evacuated to Kirghizia, later, in June 1942, the theater moved to Przhevalsk city, where actors held concerts in hospitals and military units. In January 1944 the theater returned to Stalino and already in September, right after the liberation of the Donets Basin a premiere of Alexander Borodin's Prince Igor took place. On October 2, 1977, the Theater was awarded with Academic status for significant contribution to the development of Soviet art. In 1992 the Choreographic School of Vadim Pisarev, the People's Artist of Ukraine, was established in the Theater. Starting from 1994 the Theater has been hosting the International Festival "World Ballet Stars", Vadim Pisarev is as well the founder and art director. On December 9, 1999 by the Resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine, the theater was named after Soviet Ukrainian opera singer A. Solovyanenko.

Donetsk Railway Transport Institute

The History of Donetsk Railway Transport Institute is connected with the Ukrainian State Academy of Railway Transport. Kharkov Institute of Railway Engineers’ Educational and Consulting Center was opened in Donetsk in 1967, and in 1968, January 1, transformed into Donetsk Branch of Kharkov Institute of Railway Engineers according to the order of the Minister of Railways (nowadays Ukrainian State Academy of Railway Transport) to improve the engineers’ training for the Donetsk Railway. The success of the institute staff’s work received recognition and by the order of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine the Institute was transformed into Donetsk Railway Transport Institute (DRTI) of Ukrainian State Academy of Railway Transport. DRTI founded by an initiative of Donetsk Railway in 1967 has transformed from the Branch of Kharkov Institute of Railway Engineers to the Donetsk Railway Transport Institute (DRTI) of Ukrainian State Academy of Railway Transport during 45 years of its dynamic development.
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