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Top Attractions in Piedmont

Turin

Turin is a city and an important business and cultural centre in northern Italy, capital of the Piedmont region, located mainly on the left bank of the Po River, in front of Susa Valley and surrounded by the western Alpine arch. The population of the city proper is 911,823 while the population of the urban area is estimated by Eurostat to be 1.7 million inhabitants. The Turin metropolitan area is estimated by the OECD to have a population of 2.2 million. The city has a rich culture and history, and is known for its numerous art galleries, restaurants, churches, palaces, opera houses, piazzas, parks, gardens, theatres, libraries, museums and other venues. Turin is well known for its renaissance, baroque, rococo, neo-classical, and art nouveau architecture. Much of the citys public squares, castles, gardens and elegant palazzi such as Palazzo Madama, were built in the 16th and 18th century, after the capital of the Duchy of Savoy was moved to Turin from Chambery as part of the urban expansion. Turin is sometimes called the cradle of Italian liberty, for having been the birthplace and home of notable politicians and people who contributed to the Risorgimento, such as Cavour. The city currently hosts some of Italys best universities, colleges, academies, lycea and gymnasia, such as the six-century-old University of Turin and the Turin Polytechnic. Prestigious and important museums, such as the Museo Egizio and the Mole Antonelliana are also found in the city. Turins several monuments and sights make it one of the worlds top 250 tourist destinations, and the tenth most visited city in Italy in 2008. The city used to be a major European political centre, being Italys first capital city in 1861 and being home to the House of Savoy, Italys royal family. Even though much of its political significance and importance had been lost by World War II, it became a major European crossroad for industry, commerce and trade, and currently is one of Italys main industrial centres, being part of the famous "industrial triangle", along with Milan and Genoa. Turin is ranked third in Italy, after Milan and Rome, for economic strength. With a GDP of $58 billion, Turin is the worlds 78th richest city by purchasing power, and as of 2010 has been ranked by GaWC as a Gamma- world city. Turin is also home to much of the Italian automotive industry. Turin is well known as the home of the Shroud of Turin, the football teams Juventus F.C. and Torino F.C., the headquarters of automobile manufacturers FIAT, Lancia and Alfa Romeo, Iveco and as host of the 2006 Winter Olympics and, in the same year, the 37th Chess Olympiad. Several International Space Station modules, such as Harmony and Columbus, were also manufactured in Turin. It was the capital of the Duchy of Savoy from 1563, then of the Kingdom of Sardinia ruled by the Royal House of Savoy and finally the first capital of the unified Italy. It is often referred to as the Capital of the Alps. Other popular epithets are the Automobile Capital of Italy and the Detroit of Italy, as it is the home of FIAT; in Italy it is also dubbed la capitale Sabauda .

Macugnaga

Macugnaga is a mountain village at 1,327 metres elevation, in the province of Verbano-Cusio-Ossola, in the north of the Piedmont region of Italy. It is located at the base of Dufourspitzethe second-tallest peak in Europe, in the Monte Rosa Massif, along Anzasca valley, one of the seven valleys around the mount. The town is surrounded by high and wild peaks like P. Gnifetti 4,559 mP.Zumstein 4563 mP.Dufour 4638 mP.Nordend 4612 mJagerhorn 3970 mCima Jazzi 3804 mNeue Weisstor 3642 mCima di Roffel 3636 m . In particular, the town is famous for being in front of the East Face of Monte Rosa Massif, the tallest wall in the Alps. This wall, 2,600 metres high and 4 km wide, is a true monument in the history of mountaineering and it is nicknamed "The Himalayan Face of the Alps". Many famous climbers, like Alessandro Gogna, Kurt Diemberger, Hermann Buhl, and Patrick Gabarrou, traced important itineraries along the very dangerous and steep cliffs of the wall. Many others died trying to reach the four summits at the top of the wall: Damiano Marinelli and his three companions were swept away by a huge avalanche in 1881. Casimiro Bich, Cristiano Sommaruga, Ettore Zapparoli, Gildo Burgener and others famous and skillful climbers lose their lives all killed by huge avalanches. Ettore Zapparoli in particular, a musician, poet, writer, died alone in 1951, trying to win the most dangerous part of the wall, the sector under the P. Zumstein. His body was found in 2008 and buried in the mountaineering cemetery. This place, very close to the Chiesa Vecchiais a moving place, where a section remembers all the climbers dead on the wall. Many monuments are present in the town: the Chiesa Vecchia and its linden also of the 13th century, the Chiesa Nuova built in 1707, the 17th century Casa Pala. In the town there is a museum of mountaineering and in the hamlet of Borca the Walser Museum, devoted to the local German population who colonised the valley during the Middle Ages. The population of the area originated from the Walser, Germanic people coming from the Swiss canton Wallis. The area gives many opportunities for skiing in winter of the Passo del Monte Moro on the border with Switzerland, and hiking and mountaineering in summer. There are a swimming pool, a tennis centre, and a football field for sport activities. Despite its proximity to the international Milan Malpensa Airportthis town remains very quiet, wild and impressive for its spectacular landscape. The village is also known for its mine . Between 2010 and January 2011, the Italian film-maker Cristina Comencini chose Macugnaga for making her film called Quando la notte about a woman from a big city who falls in love with a local climber. She chose the place for its impressive position, in her words perfect for a movie. Some years ago the Italian soap Cento Vetrine recorded some episodes in Macugnaga.

Orta San Giulio

Orta San Giulio is a town and comune in the Province of Novara in the Italian region of Piedmont, located about 100 kilometres northeast of Turin and about 40 kilometres northwest of Novara. The town itself is built on a promontory which juts out from the eastern bank of Lake Orta close to Isola San Giulio, an island which also falls within the municipal boundaries. The frazione Legro stands on the hill which rises behind the promontory, Corconio is some 2 kilometres further south, and again away from the lake, while Imola consists of a small number of dwellings between the two, but close to the lake on the road leading to Gozzano. The municipality borders on Pettenasco to the north, Miasino and Ameno to the east, Bolzano Novarese and Gozzano to the south, and San Maurizio dOpaglio and Pella to the west across the lake. It is well known for the nearby Sacro Monte, which is a site of pilgrimage and worship and, like the town itself and the island, is a popular destination for fairly small-scale tourism. In 2003, the Sacro Monte of Orta was inserted by UNESCO in the World Heritage List. In May 1882, Friedrich Nietzsche and Lou Andreas-Salomé, accompanied by her mother and a mutual friend, visited Orta for a few days on their way back from a Grand Tour of Italy. The couple visited the Sacro Monte for some hours and Nietsche fell in love with the charming Russian. Salomé could not afterwards remember if she had kissed the philosopher and she was not in love with him, a fact which caused him much anguish.

Casale Monferrato

Casale Monferrato is a town in the Piedmont region in Italy, in the province of Alessandria. It is situated about 60 km east of Turin on the right bank of the Po, where the river runs at the foot of the Montferrat hills. Beyond the river lies the vast plain of the Po valley. Since it became a Roman municipium the town has been the most important center of the zone. After a spell of decline, due to the fall of the Roman Empire and the barbaric invasion, Casale became a free municipality and from the 15th century to the 16th century was the capital of the Palaiologos. Then the Gonzaga got hold of the town and built one of the biggest and most important citadel of Europe. In the 17th century and the 18th century was besieged by both the Spanish and French armies, interested in its strategical position; during Italian unification Casale has been one of the defensive bulwarks against the Austrian Empire. Today Casale, in the middle of the industrial triangle Turin-Milan-Genoa, is an important industrial center, known for the production of cement and the closed factory Eternit, that produced the homonymous material, very dangerous due to the presence of asbestos. Thousands of inhabitants of Casale have died from mesothelioma, a fatal disease caused by the breathing of asbestos. In 2012, former executives and Eternit shareholders Stephan Schmidheiny and Louis de Cartier were ordered to pay $32.5 million to the town of Casale Monferrato after being convicted of involuntary manslaughter for exposing workers and townspeople to asbestos.

Shroud of Turin

The Shroud of Turin or Turin Shroud is a length of linen cloth bearing the image of a man that is believed by some Christians to be the burial shroud of Jesus of Nazareth. Radiocarbon dating has dated it to the Medieval period. The shroud is kept in the royal chapel of the Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist in Turin, northern Italy. The image is much clearer in black-and-white negative than in its natural sepia color. The negative image was first observed in 1898 on the reverse photographic plate of amateur photographer Secondo Pia, who was allowed to photograph it while it was being exhibited in the Turin Cathedral. The origins of the shroud and its images are the subject of intense debate among theologians, historians and researchers. Scientific and popular publications have presented diverse arguments for both authenticity and possible methods of forgery. A variety of scientific theories regarding the shroud have since been proposed, based on disciplines ranging from chemistry to biology and medical forensics to optical image analysis. The Shroud of Turin is respected by Christians of several traditions, including Baptists, Catholics, Lutherans, Methodists, Orthodox, Pentecostals, and Presbyterians. The Catholic Church has neither formally endorsed nor rejected the shroud, but in 1958 Pope Pius XII approved of the image in association with the devotion to the Holy Face of Jesus. More recently, Pope Francis and his predecessor Pope Benedict XVI have both described the Shroud of Turin as "an icon" and Pope Saint John Paul II called the Shroud "a mirror of the Gospel". In 1988 a radiocarbon dating test was performed on small samples of the shroud. The laboratories at the University of Oxford, the University of Arizona, and the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology concurred that the samples they tested dated from the Middle Ages, between 1260 and 1390. The validity and the interpretation of the 1988 tests are still contested by some statisticians, chemists and historians. According to professor Christopher Ramsey of the Oxford Radiocarbon Accelerator Unit in 2011, "There are various hypotheses as to why the dates might not be correct, but none of them stack up." According to former Nature editor Philip Ball, "it's fair to say that, despite the seemingly definitive tests in 1988, the status of the Shroud of Turin is murkier than ever. Not least, the nature of the image and how it was fixed on the cloth remain deeply puzzling". The shroud continues to be one of the most studied and controversial objects in human history.

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