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Top Attractions in Pará State

Belém

Belém is a Brazilian municipality, the capital and largest city of the state of Pará in the country's north. It is the gateway to the River Amazon with a busy port, airport, and bus/coach station. Belém lies approximately 100 km upriver from the Atlantic Ocean, on the Pará River, which is part of the greater Amazon River system, separated from the larger part of the Amazon delta by Ilha de Marajó . With an estimated population of 1,402,056 people — or 2,249,405, considering its metropolitan area — it is the 11th most populous city in Brazil, as well as the 16th by economic relevance. It is the second largest in the North Region, second only to Manaus, in the state of Amazonas, Founded in 1616 by the Kingdom of Portugal, Belém was the first European colony on the Amazon but did not become part of Brazil until 1775. The newer part of the city has modern buildings and skyscrapers. The colonial portion retains the charm of tree-filled squares, churches and traditional blue tiles. The city has a rich history and architecture from colonial times. Recently it witnessed a skyscraper boom. Belém, literally Bethlehem is also known as the Metropolis of the Brazilian Amazon region or the Cidade das Mangueiras due to the vast number of those trees found in the city. Brazilians often refer to the city as Belém do Pará rather than just Belém, a reference to an earlier name for the city, Santa Maria de Belém do Grão Pará, and also to differentiate it from a number of other towns called Belém in Brazil. It is named after Santa Maria de Belém in Lisbon, also better known by its shortened name, Belém. Belém is served by two airports: Val de Cães International Airport, which connects the city with the rest of Brazil and other cities in South America, and Brig. Protásio de Oliveira Airport dedicated to general aviation. The city is also home to the Federal University of Pará.

Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi

The Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi is a Brazilian research institution and museum located in the city of Belém, state of Pará. It was founded in 1866 by Domingos Soares Ferreira Penna as the Pará Museum of Natural History and Ethnography, and was later named in honor of Swiss naturalist Émil August Goeldi, who reorganized the institution and was its director from 1894 to 1905. It is open to the public from 9:00 to 17:00 h, daily except Mondays. The institution has the mission of researching, cataloging and analyzing the biological and sociocultural diversity of the Amazon Basin, contributing to its cultural memory and its regional development. It has also the aim of increasing public awareness of science in the Amazon by means of its museums, botanical garden, zoological park, etc. The Museum maintains a scientific research station in the high Amazon forest, which was inaugurated in 1993, with 330 square kilometres in the Caxiuanã National Forest, municipality of Melgaço, Pará.

Caxiuanã National Forest

Caxiuanã National Forest is a national forest located in lower Amazon region the state of Pará in the North Region of Brazil. It is located on the west banks of the Baía de Caxiuanã between the Xingu River and downstream from the Anapu River. The forest is located southeast of the Ilha do Marajó. Caxiuanã National Forest covers two municipalities in Pará, Portel and Melgaço, but the forest itself is sparsely inhabited. It is located 400 kilometres from the state capitol of Belém. Caxiuanã is noted for its rich biodiversity, geographic isolation, and a very low population density. The national forest is the oldest in Amazônia Legal, a region that contains all 9 states in the Amazon Basin, and is also the second oldest national forest in Brazil. Hearings on logging in Caxiuanã National Forest, part of a nationwide campaign to grant logging concessions in national parks by the Brazilian Forest Service, began in 2014. A proposal calls for the logging of 1,800 square kilometres in three areas of Caxiuanã.

Our Lady of Grace Cathedral

The Our Lady of Grace Cathedral also called Catedral Nossa Senhora de Belém It is the seat of the Archdiocese of Belém and is located in the old quarter of the city in Belém in Brazil. The first church was built in Belém temporarily inside the fortress of the Nativity and was dedicated to Our Lady of Grace. A few years later was transferred in the current Largo da Sé, it was poorly constructed. In the next century, in 1719, the Diocese of Maranhao is dismembered at the request of John V of Portugal and Belém and Belém became part of the newly created Diocese of Pará, winning the right to honor Episcopal Cathedral to its parent church. Work on the current building, built in the same place as the early church began in 1748. Construction was completed in 1782.

Fordlândia

Fordlândia (Portuguese pronunciation: [fɔʁdʒiˈlɐ̃dʒɐ], Ford-land) is a district and adjacent area of 14.268 km² in the city of Aveiro, in the Brazilian state of Pará. It is located on the east banks of the Tapajós river roughly 300 km south of the city of Santarém. It was established by American industrialist Henry Ford in the Amazon Rainforest in 1928 as a prefabricated industrial town intended to be inhabited by 10,000 people to secure a source of cultivated rubber for the automobile manufacturing operations of the Ford Motor Company in the United States. Ford had negotiated a deal with the Brazilian government granting him a concession of 10,000 km2 (3,900 sq mi) of land on the banks of the Rio Tapajós near the city of Santarém, Brazil, in exchange for a 9% share in the profits generated. Ford's project failed, and the city was abandoned in 1934. The town was mostly deserted, with only 90 residents still living in the city until the late 2000s when it saw an increase of population, being home to around 2,000 people as of 2017.

Ver-o-peso

Ver-o-peso market is a market hall in Belém, Brazil located at Guajará Bay riverside. It is called "Ver-o-Peso" following a colonial era tradition, since the tax collectors main post was located there, which was called "Casa do Haver-o-peso" . It was in the "Haver-o-peso house" that the taxes over goods brought from the Amazon forests, rivers and countryside should be paid to the Portuguese crown, but only after their weight was measured, hence the name, which later suffered a contraction. Nowadays, the Ver-o-peso complex contains the Açaí Fair, a free open market where açaí berry merchants sell the fruit in natura for açaí juice shops, the Clock Square, with an iron-cast clock tower brought from England, the Ver-o-peso docks, where native fishes from Amazon are unloaded from boats and sold fresh, the Iron Market, a gothic prefab structure where fish is sold, the Solar da Beira space, a colonial building where art expositions often take place, and the neoclassical Meat Market, across the street, with iron-cast stairs and cubicles. Theres also the free market, where craftsmanship, natural essence parfums, typical food and native fruits are sold. It is located a few meters away from Feliz Lusitânia complex, a gathering of 16th and 18th century buildings including a fortress, an old hospital transformed into a museum, and two churches: a baroque one where there is a sacred art museum, and Beléms cathedral. All this area has been declared national patrimony by the National Historical Museum . Around ten years ago, Ver-o-peso was bidding a place into UNESCOs list of worlds human patrimonies, but it wasnt included and since then the City never tried again.

Theatro da Paz

The Theatro Nossa Senhora da Paz theater, or simply Theatro da Paz, is located in the city of Belém, in the state of Pará, in Brazil. Theatro da Paz was built following neoclassical architectural lines, within the golden age of rubber in Amazon Basin. It is considered the most important culture house in northern Brazil. Its name has been suggested by bishop D. Macedo Costa, who also launched the fundamental stone of its construction, on March 3, 1869. Along the years, Theatro da Paz has suffered minor alterations in its façade, namely the reduction of the number of columns over the main entrance. Its architectural lines remain unaltered, though. Theatro da Paz was planned by engineer José Libúrcio Pereira Magalhães, with some alterations added by the Public Constructions office. Construction ended in 1874, but the theater was only opened to the public after an administrative investigation against its builders took place. The premiere feature an Adolphe dEnnery drama called The Two Orphans, having taken place on February 16, 1878 and organized by Vicent Pontes de Oliveira theater company, which deal with Theatro da Paz lasted for five years and made him responsible also for the stage lights, decoration, choreography and props, as well as for the organisation within this period. Theatro da Paz, as in Leandro Tocantins, "is the definitely neoclassical". On each side, there are patios surrounded by columns and staircases giving access to Praça da República . Straw seats in the shape of a horseshoe. In the lobby, there are two carrara-marmor busts: José de Alencar e Gonçalves Dias, who introduced the indianismo in Brazil. In the noble hall, next to a giant-sized crystal mirror, remain the busts of maestros Carlos Gomes and Henrique Gurjão. In Theatro da Paz, Carlos Gomes ran his most famous opera, O Guarani, and Russian ballerina Ana Pavlova also touched its stage with her ballet shoes. Decoration was planned by Italian Domenico de Angelis who also decorated Teatro Amazonas in Manaus. He also painted the theaters panel in its spectacle rooms roof, which depicted Greek gods, as well as the Jover roof, which was lost due to an infiltration and later restored in 1960 by another Italian artist, Armando Baloni. In 1904, during Augusto Montenegros government, four busts representing music, poetry, comedy and tragedy were included in Theatro da Paz decoration. During the golden age of rubber, worlds most famous lyrical companies featured their presentations in the theater, but after the rubber era, it has been neglected and suffered from bad maintenance. After Armando Balonis painting, in 1960, Pará state governon then, Aurélio do Carmo, kept the restoration until 1965, under Jarbas Passarinhos administration, Theatro da Paz was finally fully recovered and reopened to the public. The writing "Theatro", in archaic Portuguese, has been kept. Theatro da Paz underwent another major reformation in the 90s, under governor Almir Gabriel, when its original colors were painted back. It was also during his administration that modern Opera Festivals begun to take place, with free or low-cost renditions of operas like Il Barbieri di Seviglia or O Guarani. When declared by Brazils Institute for Protection of Historical and Architectural Patrimony, its president chose Theatro da Paz as one of the "14 most beautiful jewels of Brazilian patrimony".

Belo Monte Dam

The Belo Monte Dam (formerly known as Kararaô) is a hydroelectric dam complex currently under construction on the Xingu River in the state of Pará, Brazil. The planned installed capacity of the dam complex would be 11,233 megawatts (MW), which would make it the second-largest hydroelectric dam complex in Brazil and fourth-largest in the world (in installed capacity), behind the Three Gorges Dam in China, the Brazilian-Paraguayan Itaipu Dam and chinese Xiluodu Dam. Considering the oscillations of flow river, guaranteed minimum capacity generation from the Belo Monte Dam would measure 4,571 MW, 39% of its maximum capacity. Transmission lines would connect electricity generated by the dams' turbines to the main Brazilian power grid, which would distribute it throughout the country, both for residential and commercial consumption and to supply the growth of such industries as aluminium transformation and metallurgy. Brazil's rapid economic growth over the last decade has provoked a huge demand for new and stable sources of energy, especially to supply its growing industries. In Brazil, 46% of the energy consumed comes from renewable energy sources, and hydroelectric power plants produce over 85% of the electrical energy. The Government has decided to construct new hydroelectric dams to guarantee national energy security. However, there is opposition both within Brazil and among the international community to the project's potential construction regarding its economic viability, the generation efficiency of the dams and in particular its impacts on the region's people and environment. In addition, critics worry that construction of the Belo Monte Dam could make the construction of other dams upstream, which could have greater impacts, more viable. Plans for the dam began in 1975 but were soon shelved due to controversy; they were later revitalized in the late 1990s. In the 2000s, the dam was redesigned, but faced renewed controversy and (controversial) impact assessments were carried out. On 26 August 2010, a contract was signed with Norte Energia to construct the dam once the Brazilian Institute of Environment and Renewable Natural Resources (IBAMA) had issued an installation license. A partial installation license was granted on 26 January 2011 and a full license to construct the dam was issued on 1 June 2011. The licensing process and the dam's construction have been mired in federal court battles; the current ruling is that construction is allowed, because the license is based on five different environmental technical reports and in accordance with the RIMA (Environmental Impact Report, EIA-RIMA) study for Belo Monte. First turbines went online on 5 May 2016. Power station would be totally complete in 2019.

Santarém

Santarém is a municipality in the western part of the state of Pará in Brazil. Located at the confluence of the Tapajós and Amazon Rivers, it has become a popular tourist destination. It is the second-most important city in the state, and the financial and economic center of the western part of the state. It leads the Santarém Metropolitan Area, made up of Santarém, Belterra and Mojuí dos Campos. It was once home to the Tapajós Indians, a tribe of Native Americans after whom the river was named. They were the leaders of a large, agricultural chiefdom that flourished before the arrival of Europeans. It is located some 800 km from the two largest cities in the Brazilian Amazon: Manaus, upriver in the state of Amazonas, and the Pará state capital Belém, located downriver at the mouth of the Amazon on the Atlantic Ocean. Santarém has an estimated population of 299,419 people , and is the third most populous city of the state. The city occupies an area of 22 887,087 km2² , of which 77 km2 are urban areas. The city was founded by Portuguese colonists in 1661 as New Santarém (after the city in Portugal). It is one of the oldest cities in the Brazilian Amazon. This is the seat of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Santarém. Because of the crystalline waters of the Tapajós River, Santarém has more than 100 km (62 mi) of natural beaches, such as those of the village of Alter do Chão, known as the "Caribbean in Brazil." The Guardian ranked the latter beach as one of the most beautiful in Brazil and the most beautiful beach on fresh water. Alter do Chão is also home to Sairé, one of the most important folklore festivals of the region, which is held annually in September. Some political activists have lobbied to create a new Brazilian state by dividing the enormous state of Pará into western and eastern regions. The new state to be established in the west would be called Tapajós, with Santarém serving as the capital.
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