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Top Attractions in Ninawa Governorate

Nimrud

Nimrud is the later Arab name for the ancient Assyrian city originally known as Kalhu, located 30 kilometres south of the city of Mosul, and 5 kilometres south of the village of Selamiyah (Arabic: السلامية‎), in the Nineveh plains in northern Mesopotamia. It was a major Assyrian city between approximately 1250 BC and 610 BC. The city is located in a strategic position 10 kilometres north of the point that the river Tigris meets its tributary the Great Zab. The city covered an area of 360 hectares (890 acres). The ruins of the city were found within one kilometre of the modern-day Assyrian village of Noomanea in Nineveh Province, Iraq. This is some 30 kilometres southeast of Mosul. Archaeological excavations at the site began in 1845, and were conducted at intervals between then and 1879, and then from 1949 onwards. Many important pieces were discovered, with most being moved to museums in Iraq and abroad. In 2013 the UK's Arts and Humanities Research Council established the "Nimrud Project" in order to identify and record the history of the world's collection of artefacts from Nimrud, distributed amongst at least 76 museums worldwide (including 36 in the United States and 13 in the United Kingdom). Archeologists believe that the city was given the name Nimrud in modern times after the Biblical Nimrod, a legendary hunting hero. The city was identified as the Biblical city of Calah (Hebrew Kelah (כלח), Greek Khalakh (χαλαχ)), first referred to alongside Nimrod in Genesis 10, by Henry Rawlinson in 1850 on the basis of a possible interpretation of the city's cuneiform proper name as "Levekh". In 2015, the militant organization Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant announced its intention to destroy the site because of its "un-Islamic" nature. In March 2015, the Iraqi government reported that ISIL had used bulldozers to destroy excavated remains of the city. A video released in the same month showed a lamassu statue in the city being attacked by a militant with a sledgehammer. Another video posted online by the group in April 2015 showed the site being destroyed by bulldozers and explosives.

Dair Mar Elia

To be distinguished from the Mar Elias Monastery south of Jerusalem Dair Mar Elia (known in English as Saint Elijah's Monastery) is an abandoned Christian monastery, the oldest in Iraq, dating from the 6th century. It is located in the Ninawa Governorate just south of Mosul. The monastery was founded around 595 AD by Mar Elia, an Assyrian monk who had previously studied at al-Hirah and later in the great monastery at Ezla mountain in Turkey. It was later claimed by the Chaldeans. The monastery was the center of the regional Christian community and for centuries thousands of Christians would visit the monastery to observe the Mar Elia Holiday, which falls on the last Wednesday of November. The monastery was renovated in the 17th century by Hurmizd Alqushnaya. In 1743, the Persian leader Tahmaz Nadir Shah ordered the destruction of its property and the death of the monks who dwelt there. The monastery lay in ruins until the beginning of the 20th century, when some restoration was completed on a few halls and rooms. During the First World War, Dair Mar Elia was a place of refuge which led to the rebuilding of part of the site. The structure, along with its neighboring reservoir and natural mineral water springs, were cared for by the Chaldean Church, and Christian pilgrims continued to visit the ruins. After the Iraq War, the site lay within Forward Operating Base Marez and American forces began to visit and later tend for the site. After being vacated by the retreating Iraqi Republican Guard, the 101st Airborne Division took charge of the area. Later, the 94th Engineer Battalion made a topographical survey of the monastery. Dair Mar Elia has been fenced off to protect the site and military chaplains guide soldiers on tours of the ruins. These actions were part of a long-term effort to help local Iraqis become more aware of the site as well as to promote the awareness for historic preservation. In May 2008, Iraqi archaeologists were able to visit the areas for the first time since before the Second Gulf War. While portions needed protection from the elements, other areas that were largely unexcavated had been protected from looters.

Mosul

Mosul is a city of normally about two and a half million people in northern Iraq, occupied since 10 June 2014 by the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant . Located some 400 km north of Baghdad, the original city stands on the west bank of the Tigris River, opposite the ancient Assyrian city of Nineveh on the east bank, but the metropolitan area has grown to encompass substantial areas on both the "Left Coast" and the "Right Coast" as the two banks are described in the local language. In the early 21st century, the majority of Mosul's population is Arab, Assyrian, with Iraqi Turkmen, Yazidis, Armenian, Shabaki and other minorities. The city's population grew rapidly around the turn of the millennium and by 2004 was estimated to be 1,846,500. An estimated half million persons fled Mosul in the second half of 2014, and while some returned, more fled in 2015 as ISIL violence in the city worsened. Historically, an important product of the area is Mosul marble and oil. The city of Mosul is home to the University of Mosul and its renowned Medical College, which together was one of the largest educational and research centres in Iraq and the Middle East. The University has since been closed but at the choice of the Islamic State's leadership in Mosul, the Medical College remains open but barely functional. Until 2014 the city was a historic centre for the Assyrian Church of the East of the indigenous Assyrians, containing the tombs of several Old Testament prophets such as Jonah which was destroyed by the Islamic State occupation army in July 2014.

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