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Top Attractions in Borsod-Abaúj-Zemplén

István Cave

The István Cave is a dripstone cave in Miskolc-Lillafüred, Northern Hungary. The cave was formed in the Triassic period and is about 710 m long. It was discovered in 1913. According to local legend, a dog fell into a 15-metre deep shaft, which was the caves only natural opening. People found the cave when they rescued the dog. Cavers began to explore the cave in 1927. Another entrance was made for the tourists, and in 1931 the cave was opened to the public. During World War II, the cave was damaged, with many of the stalagmites and stalactites were broken by people seeking refuge from air raids. The lighting was repaired only in 1955, and the cave was opened to public again. The cave is still being explored, but only a part can be visited. Its deepest known area is named Hell. The most beautiful dripstone structures are the Mammuts Mouth, Fairyland, Column Hall and Concert Hall. Due to water filling the cave in 1958 and 1974, the inner caverns are presumably connected with water drains. Because of the lighting, moss has appeared in the cave. This problem was solved by installing a different kind of lighting. The air in the cave is very clear and has a high humidity. Patients with respiratory illnesses are treated here.

Baradla cave

The Baradla Domica cave system in Hungary is one of the longest-researched, visited for centuries for its stalactites. As part of the Aggtelek Karst, the cave system extends more than 25.5 kilometres and includes the 5.3 kilometres Domica cave. The cave has a natural entrance at Aggtelek, at the foot of a high white cliff that overlooks the edge of the village. It has an articulated, meandering main channel 7 kilometres long, with a rock tunnel, on average, 10m wide and 7-8 m high with a few giant caverns. The main branch has several short and long connecting side branches. A significant part of the cave has varied colours and shapes providing an unparalleled spectacle of decorative stalactites. Subterranean river waters run through the main branch at times of flood. Natural entrances to the cave have been open from ancient times, and there are traces of Neolithic occupation. The first written mention of the cave dates from 1549. The first survey was conducted in 1794 by Joseph Sartory. In 1825 it was only known to be 1.8 kilometres in length. This section was surveyed in 1802 and the first map published. In 1825 the engineer, Imre Vass explored the cave a further 5 kilometres along the main branch, producing an accurate map and a description. His work, printed in Hungarian and German was published in 1831. In order to facilitate cave visits, the first tourist walks were installed in 1806. In 1890 the Red Lake entrances were established and further exploration and extension was conducted between 1927–28. Baradla, and other caves of the Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst was declared as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1995. The entire cave system and the catchment areas with the nearby Domicával wetlands of international importance were subject to protection in 2001 . The Aggtelek National Park is an appealing attraction all year round, popular with visitors, who can choose from several hiking trails.

Cave Bath

The Cave Bath is a thermal bath in a natural cave in Miskolctapolca, which is part of the city of Miskolc, Hungary, another cave bath is only at Sklene Teplice, Slovakia. The thermal water is reputed to reduce joint pain, and since it has a lower salt content than most thermal waters , people can bathe in it for much longer, practically an unlimited amount of time. The Cave Bath can be visited all year long, except for January. The cave and the thermal spring have been known since ancient times, but Tapolca became a popular bathing place only after the Ottoman occupation of Hungary . During this time the area belonged to the Greek Orthodox abbey of Görömböly; the development of Tapolca into a bathing place was the idea of the abbot in 1711. He also brought doctors from Kassa, today Košice, Slovakia to examine the beneficial effects of the water. Three pools and an inn were constructed in 1723. The cave itself was not used yet, as the pools were outside. The water was colder than it is now, because the cold water springs of Tapolca were used too. By the mid-18th century, after a short period of popularity, the bath was neglected and by the 19th century the buildings were in ruins. In 1837, the new abbot of Görömböly had the buildings restored and expanded. He also had the first indoor pool built, but only for wealthy guests. In the early 20th century, the growing city of Miskolc bought the area from the Greek Orthodox Church not only because of the thermal water but also because of the drinking water source (which now provides half of the city's water supply). In the following years, new public baths were built. In 1934, Tapolca was officially recognised as a spa town. In 1939, the construction of a new bathing house began. During the construction, several archaeological findings were unearthed, and a new, previously unknown water spring was found with a water temperature of 31.5°C. The thermal bath was opened in 1941 but the Cave Bath itself was opened only on 14 May 1959. Since then, the bath complex has been expanded several times. The outdoor pool and the characteristic, seashell-shaped roof before it were built in 1969. In the 1980s, new rooms and corridors were built, and warmer pools were constructed. The newest expansion of the bath complex started in 1998.

Gothic Protestant Church of Avas

The Gothic Protestant Church of Avas is the oldest building in the centre of the city of Miskolc in Northern Hungary. It was built in the 13th century as a small, Romanesque style church, and later it was expanded to a larger Gothic style church. In 1544, during the Ottoman occupation of Hungary the Turks set the church on fire. Because it was already a Protestant church, the Catholic owner of the Diósgyőr estate, Borbála Fánchy, didn't give her permission to use the wood from the nearby forests to rebuild the church, and it was rebuilt only more than twenty years later. The organ of the church was built by József Angster in 1895. The acoustics of the church are very good, and concerts are held quite often. The belfry was built in 1557. The bells have played a version of the Westminster Chimes every 15 minutes since 1941. Because of the noisy traffic, the chimes cannot be heard from too far away, however it is one of the best known sounds of the city. The National Theatre of Miskolc signals the beginning of a play with this sound. The church is surrounded by a cemetery, where many famous sons of the city were buried, including the politicians Bertalan Szemere and László Palóczy, members of the Latabár actor dynasty, and the father of the poet Mihály Tompa.

Bükk National Park

The Bükk National Park is a national park in the Bükk Mountains of Northern Hungary, near Miskolc. It was founded in 1976 as the third national park in the country. It contains 431.3 km² . Mountainous and forested, Bükk is Hungarys largest national park and is situated in the northern mountains, between Szilvásvárad and Lillafüred. Bükks important geological features include various karst formations within its limestone mountains particularly caves, swallow-holes, and ravines. The countrys longest and deepest cave, Istvánlápa, is located in the park. Bükk National Park also contains ninety species of nesting birds, some considered endangered. The Vatican Climate Forest was to be located within the Park. KlimaFa was started by a San Francisco promoter, Russ George, who promised a carbon offsetting project, intended to offset the Vaticans carbon dioxide emissions. However, no trees have been planted. In an interview with the Christian Science Monitor, Lajos Kiss, mayor of the village of Tiszakeszi pointed out an empty area along the Tisza River where the trees were supposed to be planted. The Monitor also said the Vatican was considering "legal action in order to defend the Vatican’s reputation."

Greek Orthodox Church and Museum

The Holy Trinity Greek Orthodox Church and its Liturgical Museum can be found in the Downtown of Miskolc The church was built between 1785 and 1806 in Zopf style. Its furniture is also in Zopf style, from the late 18th century. It is a listed historic monument. The church houses one of the largest iconostases in Europe . The Baroque iconostasis was carved in the workshop of Miklós Jankovits of Eger, the pictures were painted by Anton Kuchelmeister of Vienna. The copy of the Akhtyrka Icon of the Mother of God was a gift from Empress Catherine II of Russia. The Orthodox believers already had a small chapel in the early 18th century, which stood on todays Széchenyi street. The building of the church was decided in the second part of the century. Originally they planned to build a large church with an onion dome, designed by Johannes Michart, but it was opposed by the leaders of the city and by those who were accustomed to the more conservative artistic styles of the period. It was finally decided that the church would be built according to the design by Johann Michael Schajdlet. The interior is divided into three parts: entrance hall, naos, and sanctuary. A school, a hospital and a parsonage were also built next to the church. The churchyard also served as a burial place, several of the marble tombstones are still there. The Orthodox Liturgical Museum of Hungary houses the richest Orthodox liturgical collection of Hungary. The museum was opened in the building of the former school in 1988. Its permanent exhibition shows the history and arts of the Orthodox Church and schools. The first room resembles a chapel, recalling the atmosphere of Greek chapels where believers worshiped before large Baroque churches were built. In the second room visitors can see goldsmiths work and liturgical clothes, while in the third room the icon collection is exhibited.

Miskolc Zoo

Miskolc Zoo is a zoo in Miskolc, Hungary. Although its official name is Miskolc Városi Vadaspark – "Wildlife Park of Miskolc" – it is actually a zoo because the animals are kept in cages. Its first predecessor was the royal game park founded by King Louis I in 1355. Todays zoo was opened on 20 August 1983. It can be found in the Csanyik, a large park in the outskirts of Miskolc, right next to the Bükk National Park, in an area of 212,000 square metres. The zoo was built within 100 days by voluntary service. Originally, it was a wildlife park showing the wild animals of the surrounding Bükk mountains. Today not only local wild animals can be seen here, but also exotic animals like camels, monkeys, parrots, tigers, and leopards. The zoo has about 700 animals of 130 different species. One of the unique features is the statue park where lifelike statues of extinct animals are exhibited. Its main purpose is to call peoples attention to the importance of preserving wildlife. Statues of famous naturalists can also be seen here, among them the first Gerald Durrell statue of the world.

Miskolc Plaza

Miskolc Plaza is one of the two largest shopping malls of Miskolc, Hungary. It stands in the city centre, though, unlike its main rival, the Szinvapark mall, not on Széchenyi Street . Until Szinvapark was built, Miskolc Plaza was the only large shopping mall in Miskolc, and its cinema was the only multiplex cinema in the city. Miskolc Plaza was built by Dutch based Plaza Centers, as the 9th of its sixteen malls in Hungary. The shopping centre was opened on June 13, 2000. Its full area is 35,351 m². The area rentable for businesses is 14,964 m² it hosts 103 businesses including Cinema City, McDonalds, Rossmann, T-Mobile and Pannon GSM. The mall complex consists of three buildings connected by bridges. Building A is a two-storey building, hosting most of the shops around a large central hall. Building B hosts the cinema and some smaller shops, its ground storey is occupied by a car park and five smaller shops opening to the street. Building C is a three storey car park. The car park accommodates 500 cars. The mall had 8 million visitors in the first year after its opening.

Szinvapark

Szinvapark is one of the two largest shopping malls of Miskolc, Hungary. It is situated in the city centre, not far from its main rival, the Miskolc Plaza. The three-storey shopping centre opened on September 1, 2000 and is visited by 20,000 customers daily. On its area of 31,000 m² it hosts 70 businesses including Media Markt, InterSpar and Raiffeisen Bank . Hollywood Multiplex, the cinema of the mall was closed in 2007. Szinvapark was designed by József Viszlai; the construction lasted 15 months. The mall was originally planned to be called Ady Bridge Center, since it stands right next to the Ady bridge. It got its current name after the stream Szinva which flows through the city. The Szinvapark complex consists of two buildings on the two banks of the stream Szinva, connected by a glass-walled bridge – the one on the left side houses most of the mall, including the supermarket and the cinema, while the other building is mainly a car park, with the Media Markt store occupying the uppermost storey.

Mindszent Church

The Mindszent Church is a Roman Catholic parish church in the centre of Miskolc, Hungary. It was built between 1724 and 1880 in Baroque style. It is officially called St. Peter and Paul Church, but in colloquial speech it's always referred to as Mindszent church. The church stands on Mindszent Place, which is a triangular place bordered by the church, the International Trade Center and the County Office of National Health Service. The place was named after the mediaeval village of Mindszent , which stood here. The church was built where once the village's chapel stood. The chapel and the hospital next to it were first mentioned in 1507. It was renovated in 1562 by the orders of Borbála Fánchy, the owner of the Castle of Diósgyőr. In the first half of the 18th century Abbot Mihály Frigyes Althan decided to build a larger church in the chapel's place. It is likely that the church was designed by Giovanni Battista Carlone, who also designed the Minorite Church of Miskolc. The church although construction was still not finished was consecrated in 1748. The construction of the new hospital began in 1761. The parsonage was built in 1778. In the second half of the century ownership disputes arose, both the Archdiocese of Eger and the Diocese of Munkács laid claims to it. Empress Maria Theresa settled the dispute by giving the responsibility of maintaining the church to the Diósgyőr estate. Emperor Franz Joseph visited the city in 1857, and seeing the still unfinished church he offered to pay the expenses of constructing one of the towers. The Archbishop of Eger also offered a large sum of money, and several members of the parish donated as well. In 1864 the construction of the two towers began, by the end of the year one of them was complete, the other tower was completed shortly thereafter. Inside of the church there are beautiful Baroque paintings and statues. The painting of the Apostles St. Peter and St. Paul at the high altar was painted by Mihály Kovács in 1855. The other altar paintings also were done by him in 1879. The Baroque statue of Mary with the jar stands before the church. A small Calvary shrine can be found not far from the church; it was consecrated by the Archbishop of Eger in 1864.

Wooden Church

The Wooden Church is a church in Miskolc, Hungary. It is built of carved wood. The present building was built in 1999 in place of the previous one that was destroyed by arson in 1997. The first church was consecrated on September 13, 1637, but both this date and the existence of the church are preserved only in tradition and there is no documentary evidence. The first document mentioning a church at this site dates back to 1698. This church was built of wood, but nothing else is known about it. The first church known by the name of 'Wooden Church' was built in 1724 and it stood until 1937. István Bató, a 19th-century citizen of Miskolc left a large sum to the church. As long as there are Protestants in Miskolc, this wooden church should be kept in good condition... should it burn down, it should be rebuilt of wood, he wrote in his will. Thus when the church became too old to maintain, the citizens decided that the new church should also be built of wood. The new church was designed by Bálint Szeghalmi. It was made entirely of wood brought from Transylvania, an area with long traditions of wood-carving, and the design also had Transylvanian elements. The result was a beautiful and unique church. The construction was finished by 1938. The church was set on fire by an arsonist on December 4, 1997. The city mourned its loss, and an almost identical church was built in its place in 1999.

Avas

The Avas is a hill of volcanic origin in Miskolc, Hungary. Its top (234 m above sea level, 104 m above the city) is the highest point of Miskolc proper (although other parts, annexed to the city later, lie higher up in the Bükk mountains). On the top stands a TV tower with observation deck which is a former symbol of the city and provides a nice panorama. The name of the hill is an archaic Hungarian word meaning "forbidden". It was named that at a time it was forbidden for shepherds to graze their herds there because the old wine cellars threatened with caving in. In the early 20th century several prehistoric artefacts were found in the Avas, proving that a people belonging to the Neolithic Szeleta culture lived here. (The culture itself was named after Szeleta Cave, in Lillafüred, where many important archaeological finds were found.) The limestone caves of Avas, that were once used by prehistoric men, are now used as wine cellars; the narrow, winding streets give a Mediterranean atmosphere to this part of Avas Hill. On the northern part of the hill, close to downtown Erzsébet Square, stands the Gothic Protestant Church of Avas, the oldest building of Miskolc proper (the other oldest building is the Castle of Diósgyőr) and its belfry (16th century.) There are also several wine cellars dug in sandstone nearby, in the so-called Kis-Avas ("Little Avas") district. The TV tower is 72 meters high and was built in 1963. The previous tower was made of wood and was designed by Bálint Szeghalmi, who also designed the Wooden Church; it was destroyed by Soviet soldiers during the revolution in 1956. The southern part of Avas, also called Avas-South, is where the largest housing estate of the city stands, with 10-storey Socialist-style concrete blocks of flats providing homes for about one-third of the city's population. The district has five primary and four secondary schools, two post offices and a police station.

Miskolc-Avas TV Tower

Miskolc-Avas TV Tower is a 72 metre tall TV tower with an observation deck on the Avas hill in Miskolc, Hungary. The Avas TV Tower was designed by Miklós Hófer and György Vörös, and was built in 1966 in place of a wooden lookout tower. It is commonly regarded as the symbol of the city, even though in the 1990s the bell tower of the Avas church was declared the citys symbol in its place. The first lookout tower which stood in this place was built in 1906. It was a temporary structure built within two weeks, as a sign of respect for Ferenc II Rákóczi, whose ashes were transported to Kassa through Miskolc. The tower was decorated with the flag and other insignia of Rákóczi. The first permanent tower was erected in 1934 and was designed by Bálint Szeghalmy . Like the previous one, it was named Rákóczi Tower. It was damaged by fire in 1943 and almost completely destroyed in December 1956 – according to an urban legend it was shot to pieces by a Soviet tank during the suppression of the 1956 Revolution.

Miskolc Gömöri railway station

Miskolc–Gömöri railway station, operated by Hungarian State Railways, is the smaller of two railway stations of the city of Miskolc, Hungary. The railway station was built in the late 19th century and got its name after the historical Gömör county. It was mainly important because it connected the mines and metal factories of Gömör to the city. The railway lines between Miskolc and the towns of Bánréve and Fülek were constructed in the 1870s. The building was designed by Ferenc Pfaff and the construction was finished in 1898. Pfaff also designed the railway stations of Pozsony and Kaposvár. The building became subject of a preservation order in 1989 still it is in very bad condition. The Tiszai station is undoubtedly the more significant of the two and many people are not even aware of the existence of Gömöri Station.
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