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Top Attractions in Baghdad

Umm al-Qura Mosque

The Umm al-Qura mosque in Baghdad is the citys largest place of worship for Sunni Muslims. Originally called the Umm al-Maarik mosque, it was designed to commemorate Saddam Husseins victory in the 1991 Gulf War and was intended to serve as a personal tribute to Saddam himself. It is located in the Sunni-populated al-Adel area of western Baghdad. Costing $7.5 million to build, the mosques cornerstone was laid on Saddams 61st birthday on 28 April 1998. It was formally completed on 28 April 2001 in time for the ten-year anniversary of the Gulf War. Although never confirmed by his regime or himself during his lifetime, there has been speculation that it was intended to have been Saddams final resting place. Many architectural features of the mosque and the surrounding complex allude to either Saddam or the war . It has four minarets on its perimeter, each resembling a Kalashnikov rifle barrel and standing 43 metres high, marking the 43 days of the Gulf War. Around the dome are another four minarets, each in the shape of a Scud missile on its launchpad standing 37 metres high. The dome is set in the middle of a lake in the shape of the Arab world, in which was set a 7.5 metres wide mosaic representation of Saddams thumbprint with an inset magnified version of his initials, made from gold. The mosque was formerly used to display a Quran written in Saddams blood. The 28 fountains of the lake, the four inner minarets and the 37 m height of each minaret together represent the date of Saddams birth 28 April 1937. The building is constructed from white limestone with blue mosaic decorations, and red, white and black Iraqi flags are painted on the peaks of the inner minarets. Following the fall of Saddam Hussein in the aftermath of the 2003 invasion of Iraq, the mosque was taken over by a Sunni group called the Association of Muslim Scholars. It became a recruiting site and propaganda centre for the early Iraqi insurgency. The association became a de facto Al Qaeda ally; its leader Harith Suleiman al-Dhari, who operated out of the mosque, is said to have played a key role in mobilizing insurgents during the 2004 fighting in Fallujah, west of Baghdad. In 2007, the association was expelled by the Sunni Endowment, a quasi-governmental agency responsible for Sunni mosques in Iraq, which took control of Umm al-Qura. On 28 August 2011, the mosque was attacked by a suicide bomber during prayers, killing at least 28 people and injuring 30 more. An Iraqi member of parliament was among the dead.

Nisour Square massacre

On September 16, 2007, employees of Blackwater Security Consulting , a private military company, shot at Iraqi civilians killing 17 and injuring 20 in Nisour Square, Baghdad while escorting a US embassy convoy. The killings outraged Iraqis and strained relations between Iraq and the United States. In 2014, four Blackwater employees were tried and convicted in U.S. federal court; one of murder, and the other three of manslaughter and firearms charges. Blackwater guards claimed that the convoy was ambushed and that they fired at the attackers in defense of the convoy. The Iraqi government and Iraqi police investigator Faris Saadi Abdul stated that the killings were unprovoked. The next day, Blackwater Worldwide's license to operate in Iraq was temporarily revoked. The US State Department has said that "innocent life was lost" and according to the Washington Post, a military report appeared to corroborate "the Iraqi government's contention that Blackwater was at fault." The Iraqi government vowed to punish Blackwater. The incident sparked at least five investigations, including one from the Federal Bureau of Investigation. The FBI investigation found that, of the 17 Iraqis killed by the guards, at least 14 were shot without cause. In December 2008, the U.S. charged five Blackwater guards with 14 counts of manslaughter, 20 counts of attempted manslaughter and a weapons violation but on December 31, 2009, a U.S. district judge dismissed all charges on the grounds that the case against the Blackwater guards had been improperly built on testimony given in exchange for immunity. Prime Minister Nouri al-Maliki harshly criticized the dismissal. In April 2011 a US federal appeals court reinstated the manslaughter charges against Paul A. Slough, Evan S. Liberty, Dustin L. Heard and Donald W. Ball after closed-door testimony. The court said “We find that the district court’s findings depend on an erroneous view of the law,” A fifth guard had his charges dismissed, and a sixth guard pleaded guilty to voluntary manslaughter and attempted manslaughter. On January 6, 2012, Blackwater settled a lawsuit filed on behalf of six of the victims for an undisclosed sum. On October 22, 2014, a Federal District Court jury convicted Nick Slatten of first-degree murder, and three other guards guilty of all three counts of voluntary manslaughter and using a machine gun to commit a violent crime. On April 13, 2015, Slatten was sentenced to life in prison, while the other three guards were sentenced to 30 years in prison.

Cristal Grand Ishtar Hotel

The Cristal Grand Ishtar Hotel is a hotel in Baghdad, Iraq located on Firdos Square. It is the tallest building in Baghdad, and the tallest structure in Iraq after the Baghdad Tower. Opened in 1982 as the Ishtar Sheraton Hotel & Casino (Arabic,فندق شيراتون عشتار), it was one of the most popular Western-run hotels in Baghdad until the Gulf War began in 1991, when Sheraton Hotels severed their management contract with the Iraqi Government, which built the property. The hotel continued to use the Sheraton name without permission for the following 22 years. While the hotel was briefly popular with foreign journalists and contractors after the 2003 invasion of Iraq, its occupancy level soon dropped sharply. The hotel, an obvious and imposing target, was periodically hit with mortar or rocket fire during the early years of the post-Saddam era. The structure was seriously damaged during a bomb attack in October 2005 and was closed for more than a year afterward. Thirty-seven were killed in a car bomb attack outside of the hotel on January 25, 2010. This hotel was renovated in 2011 along with five other of the biggest hotels in Baghdad in preparation campaign for Arab summit. Renovation was done by a Turkish Company and have improved the interior and leisure facilities. The hotel was renamed Cristal Grand Ishtar Hotel in March 2013. During Arab summit in 2012 many officials from different countries accommodated in this hotel along with press and journalists. Now many of conferences and workshops, internally or internationally, are organized in this hotel.

The Monument to the Unknown Soldier

The Monument to the Unknown Soldier is said to be inspired by the glorification of a martyr from the Iran–Iraq War, built in 1980 in central Baghdad when the war began. In 1986 the national square of Iraq, Great Celebrations square, was built near the monument, and in 1989 the Victory Arches were added to celebrate the "victory" of the war on Iran. The Monument represents a traditional shield dropping from the dying grasp of an Iraqi warrior. The monument also houses an underground museum. The artificial hill is shaped like a low, truncated cone of 250 m diameter. It is surrounded by slanting girders of triangular section that are covered with marble. Red granite, stepped platforms of elliptical form lead to the dome and cubic sculpture. The steel flagpole is entirely covered with Murano glass panels fixed on stainless steel arms and displaying the national flag colours. The cantilevered dome is 42m in diameter and follows an inclination of 12 degrees. Its external surface is clad with copper, while its inner surface features a soffit finished with pyramidal modules alternating steel and copper. The promenade is covered by a semi-circular, flat roof supported on a triangular steel bracing. The roof is covered with a copper sheet and the soffit displays V-shaped panels of stainless steel and Murano glass. The cube beneath the shield is made of seven layers of metal, said to represent the seven levels of Jannah in the Islamic faith. Inside the layers of metal are sheets of red acrylic, said to represent the blood of the slain Iraqi soldiers. The cube itself is connected to the underground museum by a long shaft with windows that allow light to shine in from above. Inside the museum, visitors can look up at the ceiling and see through the openings leading to the cube above. The underground museum is not currently lit, except for the light that shines in from the windows above and through the doors . Visitors must bring their own flashlights to view the now-empty cases that once held numerous war relics. Visits to the monument are allowed during daylight hours, although visitors must ask for permission from the Iraqi soldiers who guard the monument before approaching the monument.

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