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Top Attractions in Halle

Marktkirche Unser Lieben Frauen

The Marktkirche Unser Lieben Frauen in the city of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt was built between 1529 and 1554 and is the most recent of its medieval churches. In German, its official name is shortened to Liebfrauenkirche but it is also referred to as Marienkirche and the Marktkirche . The church was built between 1529 and 1554, replacing two former churches but keeping their towers. It is one of the most important buildings of the late Gothic period in central Germany. Its four towers, together with the Red Tower of the city hall, are the landmark of the city, hence its nickname "Stadt der fünf Türme" (City of the Five Towers). Justus Jonas introduced the Reformation into Halle, and his friend Martin Luther preached. George Frideric Handel was baptized in the church and received his first organ lessons. Johann Sebastian Bach inspected the new organ, and his son Wilhelm Friedemann Bach was an organist. The important beginnings of both pietism and Enlightenment were connected to the church in Halle. Severely damaged in World War II, it was restored and is a historic monument.

Botanische Garten der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg

The Botanische Garten der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg is an arboretum and botanical garden maintained by the University of Halle-Wittenberg. It is located at Am Kirchtor 3 in the city of Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany, and open daily in the warmer months. An admission fee is charged. The gardens origins can be traced back to 1698 when Frederick III, Prince Elector of Brandenburg donated parts of his hortus medicus to the university in Halle. By 1749 the garden contained 191 plants species. In 1787 it was enlarged to its present size by Karl Christoph von Hoffmann, university chancellor, in response to activities of garden directors Johann Reinhold Forster, who participated in Captain James Cooks second world expedition, and Philipp Jung Hans Caspar . Towards the end of the 18th century many greenhouses were constructed, and by 1825 the garden contained some 7,000 species. Its tropical greenhouse was built in 1872 with the Victoria greenhouse following in 1902. During the 20th century, additional modern green houses were built and old ones renovated, including the 1994 reconstruction of the Victoria greenhouse. The garden grounds also contain the former university observatory, designed by Carl Gotthard Langhans . Today the garden contains about 12,000 species, including systematic collections of orchids, bromeliads, carnivorous plants, grass species, Mammillaria, Echinodorus, and Cryptocoryne . It also contains an important collection of Central Asian plants, especially from Mongolia, which is believed to be one of the largest such collections outside Russia and Mongolia, and preserves some rare and extinct plants with emphasis on the local region of Saxony-Anhalt, including Artemisia rupestris, as well as exotics such as Carlina diae from Crete and Sophora toromiro from the Easter Islands. The garden is organized into the following major areas: Alpine garden with many high mountain plants surrounds a small plant bed with beach and sand dune plants. American plants. Asian plants, particularly Berberis and Cotoneaster. Arboretum, systematically arranged, with very old specimens of Acer campestre, Gymnocladus dioicus, Juglans nigra, Metasequoia glyptostroboides, and Sophora japonica. Steppe plants from the East Mediterranean region and Central Asia. Systematic garden, organized according to the "System der natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien" of A. Engler. The garden also contains a number of greenhouses including: Arid greenhouse cacti and succulents from the Americas and Africa, with a smaller section dedicated to Madagascar. Evergreen plant greenhouse. Orangery. Tropical greenhouse lianas, epiphytes and useful plants including banana, coffee, pepper, and vanilla. Victoria greenhouse tropical aquatic plants including mangroves and collections of Echinodorus and Cryptocoryne.

Battle of Halle

In the Battle of Halle on 17 October 1806 a French corps led by Jean-Baptiste Bernadotte fought the Prussian Reserve under Eugene Frederick Henry, Duke of Württemberg. The French defeated their opponents, forcing the Prussians to retreat northeast toward Dessau after suffering heavy losses. The clash occurred in the War of the Fourth Coalition, part of the Napoleonic Wars. The city of Halle is located about 30 kilometers northwest of Leipzig on the Saale River. Emperor Napoleon I of France invaded the Electorate of Saxony and inflicted two disastrous defeats on the Prussian-Saxon armies on 14 October 1806. As the beaten armies fled, Marshal Bernadotte's corps marched north and found Duke Eugene's unblooded Reserve located at Halle. At the beginning of the encounter, two French divisions rushed the bridges over the Saale on the west side of the city. They overran a weak defending force and quickly occupied the city. Later in the day, Bernadotte's troops stormed out of Halle and attacked Eugene's Reserve which was drawn up to the southeast of the city. The Prussians were driven from their positions and chased to the northeast. While this engagement was going on, Bernadotte's third division surrounded and captured a Prussian regiment isolated on the west side of the city. One of the few intact Prussian forces west of the Elbe River was now crippled.

Halle concentration camp

The Halle concentration camp was a Nazi Germany Buchenwald subcamp that provided forced labor for the Siebel aircraft manufacturer in July 1944 under agreement with the SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt . Laborers were also provided to the "Bauleitung Professor Doktor Ingenieur Rimpl, Kostenstell B-XII". At a cost of six/four Reichsmarks per day, skilled/unskilled laborers were used in the metalworking department to construct parts for airplane wings. Laborers worked a total of 166,364 hours in December 1944. Siebel employed 10,159 skilled workers and 4,965 auxiliary workers in December. The workday at the factory was 10.5 hours long. The camp at Boelkestrasse 70 consisted of at least five blocks and one block for SS guards. Several transport lists showing the movement of prisoners from Buchenwald to Halle have survived. The total number of inmates suggested by the Halle lists added together far exceed the numbers shown on SS monthly reports for Siebel-Halle from the same period. In late July 1944, 525 inmates were transported from Buchenwald to Halle with an additional 515 inmates on July 31. Although these lists provide no breakdown by nationality, most of the inmates appear to have been Russian, Polish and perhaps Czech. Prisoner transports continued to arrive in Halle throughout the following months, and the number of inmates imprisoned in the subcamp both increased and decreased at various intervals during its eight-month existence. Generally the pattern of incoming transports increased throughout the fall of 1944, and by January 1945, some inmates were shifted from Halle to other subcamps. Seven inmates were deported from Buchenwald to Halle on August 10, 1944, mostly French political prisoners. Additional transports from Buchenwald arrived throughout August and September, and the number of prisoners transferred to Halle exceeded two thousand. However, these numbers differ from monthly reports from Halle filed by the SS administration of the camp. According to a monthly reports dated August 13/14, 1944, the Siebel-Halle camp had 525 inmates. From September 1 to 20, 1944, one thousand inmates were transferred to Siebel-Halle from Buchenwald (five hundred on September 2, five hundred on September 12). On September 27, an additional transport of twenty inmates was sent to Halle. Beginning in January 1945, inmates were transferred from Halle to the Buchenwald subcamp in Annaburg. Ninety-seven inmates were transferred to Annaburg in December 1944. Between January 1 and 31, 1945, there appear to have been no transports to Halle from Buchenwald, and on February 2, seven inmates were transferred to Halle, with an additional five on March 23, 1945. Another report from March 25, 1945 shows that on January 1, 1945, Siebel-Halle had 633 inmates and on March 6, 1945, it had 528 inmates. In November 1944, at least one inmate was appointed as Blockältester (English: senior block inmate), ten inmates worked in the kitchen barracks, one inmate assigned to Stubendienst for each of the five blocks and one for the SS barracks, as well as two barbers and a cobbler. The inmates were divided into several commandos that included clearing rubble from air raids, as well as other construction and repair work in addition to those sent to Siebel. At least twenty SS guards were transferred from Halle to an unknown assignment in January 1945, but no additional information in camp reports or correspondence on the number or the ranks of guards in Halle can be found. Transgressions such as neglecting or stepping away from a running machine were punishable by denying the offending prisoner his mid-day meal as well as his allotment of cigarettes. In at least one instance, cigarette rations of several prisoners were recommended to be raised due to excellent performance. In the Halle Revier or infirmary in January and February 1945, about fifty inmates received ambulatory care, and thirty were admitted to the infirmary. The monthly report from February 1945 also indicated one prisoner death, and that food supplies were "sufficient." The subcamp in Halle was last noted in German records on March 31, 1945.
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