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Top Attractions in Split-Dalmatia

Split

Split is the second-largest city of Croatia and the largest city of the region of Dalmatia. It lies on the eastern shore of the Adriatic Sea, centred on the Roman Palace of the Emperor Diocletian. Spread over a central peninsula and its surroundings, Split's greater area includes the neighboring seaside towns as well. An intraregional transport hub and popular tourist destination, the city is a link to numerous Adriatic islands and the Apennine peninsula. Split is one of the oldest cities in the area. While it is traditionally considered just over 1,700 years old counting from the construction of Diocletian's Palace in 305 CE, archaeological research relating to the original founding of the city as the Greek colony of Aspálathos in the 4th century BCE establishes the urban history of the area as being several centuries older. The city turned into a prominent settlement around 650 AD, when it became successor to the ancient capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia, Salona: as after the Sack of Salona by the Avars and Slavs, the fortified Palace of Diocletian was settled by the Roman refugees. Split became a Byzantine city, to later gradually drift into the sphere of the Byzantine vassal, the Republic of Venice, and the Croatian Kingdom, with the Byzantines retaining nominal suzerainty. For much of the High and Late Middle Ages, Split enjoyed autonomy as a free city, caught in the middle of a struggle between Venice and the king of Hungary for control over the Dalmatian cities. Venice eventually prevailed and during the early modern period Split remained a Venetian city, a heavily fortified outpost surrounded by Ottoman territory. Eventually, its hinterland was won from the Ottomans in the Morean War of 1699, and in 1796, as Venice fell to Napoleon, the Treaty of Campo Formio rendered the city to the Habsburg Monarchy. In 1805, the Peace of Pressburg added it to the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy, and in 1809, after the Treaty of Schönbrunn, it was included directly in the French Empire, as part of the Illyrian Provinces. After Napoleon's defeat in 1814, it was eventually granted to the Austrian Empire, where the city remained a part of the Austrian Kingdom of Dalmatia until the fall of Austria-Hungary in 1918 and the formation of Yugoslavia. During World War II, the city was annexed by Italy, then liberated by the Partisans after the Italian capitulation in 1943. It was then re-occupied by Germany, which granted it to its puppet Independent State of Croatia. The city was liberated again by the Partisans in 1944, and was included in the post-war Federal Yugoslavia, as part of its republic of Croatia. In 1991 Croatia seceded from Yugoslavia amid the Croatian War of Independence.

Bol

Bol is a town on the south of the island of Brač in the Split-Dalmatia County of Croatia, population 1,661 . Bol is renowned for its most popular beach, the Zlatni Rat . It is a promontory composed mostly of pebble rock that visibly shifts with the tidal movement, a unique sight. The sea at Zlatni Rat and, indeed, the entire area is quite crystalline, due to the strong current of the strait it is situated in. On a still day the stones on the sea-floor that are 30 feet down look only an arms length away, and there are spectacular pine trees that grow down the middle of Zlatni Rat . Bol itself is a very popular tourist destination and has a number of harbourside bars and restaurants. Bol is a popular place in the Adriatic Sea, known for good wind surfing conditions. The Dominican church in Bol contains a number of paintings by Tripo Kokolja.

Diocletian's Palace

Diocletians Palace is an ancient palace built by the Roman emperor Diocletian at the turn of the fourth century AD, that today forms the center of the city of Split. While it is referred to as a "palace" because of its intended use as the retirement residence of Diocletian, the term can be misleading as the structure is massive and more resembles a large fortress: about half of it was for Diocletians personal use, and the rest housed the military garrison. Diocletian built the massive palace in preparation for his retirement on 1 May 305 AD. It lies in a bay on the south side of a short peninsula running out from the Dalmatian coast, four miles from Salona, the capital of the Roman province of Dalmatia. The terrain slopes gently seaward and is typical karst, consisting of low limestone ridges running east to west with marl in the clefts between them.

Cathedral of St. Duje in Split

The Cathedral of Saint Domnius , known locally as the Saint Dujam or colloquially Saint Duje , is the Catholic cathedral in Split, Croatia. The cathedral is the seat of the Archdiocese of Split-Makarska, headed by Archbishop Marin Barišić. The Cathedral of St. Domnius is a complex of a church, formed from an Imperial Roman mausoleum, with a bell tower; strictly the church is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and the bell tower to Saint Domnius. Together they form the Cathedral of St. Domnius. The Cathedral of Saint Domnius, consecrated at the turn of the 7th century AD, is regarded as the oldest Catholic cathedral in the world that remains in use in its original structure, without near-complete renovation at a later date (though the bell tower dates from the 12th century). The structure itself, built in AD 305 as the Mausoleum of Diocletian, is the second oldest structure used by any Christian Cathedral.

Cathedral of Saint Domnius

The Cathedral of Saint Domnius, known locally as the Saint Dujam or colloquially Saint Duje, is the Catholic cathedral in Split, Croatia. The cathedral is the seat of the Archdiocese of Split-Makarska, headed by Archbishop Marin Barišić. The Cathedral of St. Duje is a complex of a church, formed from an Imperial Roman mausoleum, with a bell tower; strictly the church is dedicated to the Virgin Mary, and the bell tower to Saint Duje. Together they form the Cathedral of St. Duje. The Cathedral of Saint Domnius, consecrated at the turn of the 7th century AD, is regarded as the oldest Catholic cathedral in the world that remains in use in its original structure, without near-complete renovation at a later date. The structure itself, built in AD 305 as the Mausoleum of Diocletian, is the second oldest structure used by any Christian Cathedral.

Zlatni Rat

The Zlatni Rat, often referred to as the Golden Cape or Golden Horn, is a spit of land located about 2 kilometres west from the harbour town of Bol on the southern coast of the Croatian island of Brač, in the region of Dalmatia. It extends into the Hvar Channel, a body of water in the Adriatic Sea between the islands of Brač and Hvar, which is home to strong currents. The landform itself is mostly composed of a white pebble beach, with a Mediterranean pine grove taking up the remainder. The beaches on either side of the spit extend for some 634 metres altogether, but the exact shape and length of the landform varies with regard to changes in tide, current, and wind. The farthest end, which is usually turned slightly towards the east, will often shift to the west in certain weather conditions, esp. a strong south-easterly Sirocco wind . The surrounding waters are usually cool and very clear, due to the current in the Hvar Channel. The current is mildly hazardous for swimmers who decide to venture far directly southwards from the tip towards the open sea, as it could be difficult to swim back west towards the beach; the danger is not severe, however, as the standard current would merely take the swimmer back east towards the harbor of Bol . A reliable afternoon westerly wind known as a Maestral has made the beach a destination for windsurfers. The pine tree grove which borders the beach is home to the remnants of a Roman villa rustica, which included a swimming pool. The westernmost edge of the beach, and several coves to the west of the main beach, are traditionally clothing-optional. The promontory is protected as a geomorphological phenomenon.

Stadion Poljud

Stadion Poljud is a multi-use stadium in the Croatian city of Split. It takes its name from the neighbourhood of Poljud, and is located on the northern side of the Split peninsula. its original name is "Gradski stadion u Poljudu" ("City Stadium in Poljud"). The stadium was built for the 1979 Mediterranean Games and is the home venue of the Hajduk Split football club. Some of the Croatian national football team's games are played at Poljud, which competes with Maksimir stadium for the biggest matches. The stadium has a capacity of 35,000. The venue was built to host the 1979 Mediterranean Games and was opened by the then Yugoslav president, Josip Broz Tito. It had an original capacity of 55,000, although this was increased to 62,000 in the 1980s. Poljud Stadium was also the venue for the 1990 European Athletics Championships and the 2010 IAAF Continental Cup. Since 2013, Ultra Music Festival is held at the stadium.

Mali Kozjak

Kozjak, also known as Mali Kozjak or Primorski Kozjak is a mountain located above the town of Kaštela in Dalmatia, Croatia. It belongs to Dinaric Alps, and it stretches from the pass of Klis in the southeast, to the above Split Airport in the northwest. The highest peak is Veli vrj above Kaštel Gomilica. Its southern slope is very steep, and northern rock slopes gradually turns to the corrugate plateau of Dalmatian Zagora. Kozjak is mainly composed of karst — limestone rocks. Mali Kozjak in town of Kaštela is more known then Veliki Kozjak above the village of Kijevo. On the west side of the ridge is well-known mountain centre of Malačka on 477 m. Its highest peak overlooks the city of Split, the ancient Roman settlement of Salona, towns of Solin, Kaštela, Trogir, and most of central Dalmatia islands.

Tvrdalj Castle

Tvrdalj Castle is a castle in Stari Grad, on the island of Hvar, Croatia. Tvrdalj is the fortified summer residence of Petar Hektorović, the Croatian poet . During the 16th century, the island of Hvar came under attack from the Ottoman Turks. Hektorović, one of the local nobles, undertook to fortify his house so that it could act as shelter for the local citizens. Tvrdalj is a well-preserved Renaissance building, with a long closed facade on the seaward side, to protect it from attack. The interior courtyard contains a sea-water fishpool, enclosed by a vaulted and arcaded terrace. Next to it is a tower with a dovecote. The living quarters, together with the servant quarters, and several wells, are arranged around the pool. Behind the main buildings is a walled garden where Hektorović cultivated herbs and medicinal plants. A series of inscriptions are set into walls of the mansion in Latin and Croatian. Those in Croatian are considered to be some of the oldest extant. PETRVS HECTOREVS MARINI FILIVS PROPRIO SVMPTV ET INDVSTRIA AD SVVM ET AMICOR, VSVM CONSTRVXIT Translation: Petar Hektorović, son of Marin, built this at his own expense and by his own efforts, for his own and his friends use.

Museum of Croatian Archaeological Monuments

The Museum of Croatian Archaeological Monuments located at Meštrovićevo šetalište 18, Split, Croatia, is the only museum in the country dedicated to researching and presenting cultural artifacts of the Croats in the Middle Ages, between the 7th and 15th centuries, particularly the time of the early medieval Croatian state from 9th to 12th century. Originally founded in Knin in 1893, the museum was moved first to Sinj, then Klis and finally to Split where today the collection is displayed in a purpose-built museum complex, opened in 1976. The holdings consist mainly of jewellery, weapons and items of daily use, and include a large number of stone artifacts that once belonged to the old Croatian church interiors. The collection of early medieval wicker, clay figurines, and old Croatian Latin epigraphic monuments is the largest collection of its kind in Europe.

Hvar

Hvar is a Croatian island in the Adriatic Sea, located off the Dalmatian coast, lying between the islands of Brač, Vis and Korčula. Approximately 68 km long, with a high east-west ridge of Mesozoic limestone and dolomite, the island of Hvar is unusual in the area for having a large fertile coastal plain, and fresh water springs. Its hillsides are covered in pine forests, with vineyards, olive groves, fruit orchards and lavender fields in the agricultural areas. The climate is characterized by mild winters, and warm summers with many hours of sunshine. The island has 11,103 residents, making it the 4th most populated of the Croatian islands. Hvar’s location at the center of the Adriatic sailing routes has long made this island an important base for commanding trade up and down the Adriatic, across to Italy and throughout the wider Mediterranean. It has been inhabited since pre-historic times, originally by a Neolithic people whose distinctive pottery gave rise to the term Hvar culture, and later by the Illyrians. The ancient Greeks founded the colony of Pharos in 384 BC on the site of today’s Stari Grad, making it one of the oldest towns in Europe. They were also responsible for setting out the agricultural field divisions of the Stari Grad Plain, now a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In medieval times, Hvar rose to importance within the Venetian Empire as a major naval base. Prosperity brought culture and the arts, with one of the first public theatres in Europe, nobles’ palaces and many fine communal buildings. The 16th century was an unsettled time, with the Hvar Rebellion, coastal raids by pirates and the Ottoman army from the mainland, resulting in some unusual fortified buildings on the northern shore to protect the local population. After a brief time under Napoleonic rule, the island became part of the Austrian Empire, a more peaceful and prosperous time. On the coast, harbours were expanded, quays built, fishing and boat building businesses grew. At the same time, the island’s wine exports increased, along with lavender and rosemary production for the French perfume industry. Unfortunately, this prosperity did not continue into the 20th century as wooden sailing boats went out of fashion, and the phylloxera blight hit wine production. Many islanders left to make a new life elsewhere. One industry, however, has continued to grow and is now a significant contributor to the island’s economy. The formation of The Hygienic Association of Hvar in 1868 for the assistance of visitors to the island has been instrumental in developing an infrastructure of hotels, apartments, restaurants, marinas, museums, galleries and cafes. Today, the island of Hvar is a popular destination for tourists, consistently listed in the top 10 islands by Conde Nast Traveler magazine.

Red Lake

Red Lake is a sinkhole containing a karst lake near the city of Imotski, Croatia. It is known for its numerous caves and remarkably high cliffs, reaching over 241 metres above normal water level and continuing below the water level. The total explored depth of this sinkhole is approximately 530 metres with a volume of roughly 25–30 million cubic meters, thus it is the third largest sinkhole in the world. Water drains out of the basin through underground waterways that descend below the level of the lake floor. The sinkhole is named after the reddish-brown color of the surrounding cliffs, colored by iron oxides. Like the nearby Blue Lake, it is presumed that the lake emerged when the ceiling of a large cave hall collapsed. The lake is a habitat of the fish Delminichthys adspersus. In the dry period of the year, this fish can be occasionally seen in surrounding springs, rivers and lakes, suggesting that there is an underground connection between Red Lake and other water bodies.

Blue Lake

Blue Lake is a karst lake located near Imotski in southern Croatia. Like the nearby Red Lake, it lies in a deep sinkhole possibly formed by the collapse of an enormous underground cave. The total depth from the upper rim is around 220 meters, while water depth varies with season. In spring, when the snow from surrounding mountains melts, it can reach 90 m, and in 1914 it reached 114 m, overflowing the southern rim. The lake is a popular destination for hiking and sight-seeing. Maximum dimensions of the lake are around 800×500 m, but they significantly vary due to big changes in the water level. At the end of the summer the lake may completely disappear. In 1907 a road was built descending to the lake. In 1942, an earthquake caused a large landfall resulting in reduction of the lakes depth.
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