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Top Attractions in Southern Federal District

Shapsug Reservoir

The Shapsug Reservoir, also known as the Shapsugskoye Reservoir is a deactivated reservoir in Takhtamukaysky District of the Republic of Adygea, Russia, located 3 kilometers southwest of Krasnodar. It was built between 1940 and 1952 on the left bank of the Kuban River valley, at the mouth of the Afips River as a part of rice irrigation system and was important to the economy of Krasnodar Krai of Russia. It was named after the Shapsugs—a tribe which has inhabited the area for thousands of years—and is considered a part of historical Shapsugia, which was a part of historical Circassia. With the area of 46 square kilometers, the has a rounded shape, with the length of 9 kilometers, the width of 8 kilometers, and an average depth of 3.5 meters . In the southeast there is a small bay. Together with Tshchik Reservoir, they have a combined capacity of 520,000,000 cubic meters, which made it one of the largest irrigation schemes in the northern part of the Caucasus. The flood water from the reservoir is actively used for crop irrigation. The bottom is subject to severe siltation, and due to pesticides and fertilizers discharged from rice farming, fish kills have occurred in the reservoir, and also in the Krasnodar and Kryukov Reservoirs. In 2007, reconstruction of the reservoir was started. The cost of the project on reconstruction was estimated at about 1.8 billion rubles, but later rose to 2.4 billion. The reconstruction is scheduled to be completed in 2015, two years later than initially scheduled.

Astrakhan Kremlin

Astrakhan Kremlin is a fortress in Astrakhan, Russia. Located on river island, on the most high hill, washed by Volga, Kutum, Tsarev and narrow anabranch Cossack’s. About the Astrakhan Kremlin For centuries, the Astrakhan Kremlin was inapproachable stronghold in the south- eastern border of the Russia. Series of historical events are related to the fortress: the Crimean Turkish hiking on the lower Volga in the 16th century, the " Troubles " in Russia and the peasant uprising led by Stepan Razin in the 17th century, the transformation of the tsar Peter the Great Period, revolt of archers in 1705-1706, development of the Caspian navy in the 18th century, the reinforcement of the countrys borders and entry into a part of Russian territories of the Caucasus and Central Asia. In 1552, Tsar Ivan IV conquered the Kazan Khanate. Four years later, Russian troops took Astrakhan. When the Middle and Lower Volga Region was joined, Moscow department acquired access to the Caspian Sea, in the new lands began to emerge and strengthen the Russian city. The first construction of the Kremlin began in 1587- 1588 under the guidance of sapper, a lector of Discharge Order – I.G. Vorodkov. He laid the first wooden fortress with powerful solid walls and towers. The place of construction was chosen on the hill, known as “Rabbit” or “Zayachii” in Russian. It was definitely the best place to build the fortress, because from the west and the north the hill was surrounded by the Volga River, and south and east – by lakes and marshes. During the reign of Ivan IV The Terrible and Boris Godunov the wooden fortress was rebuilt into a stone one. For the development of Kremlin walls and towers state-owned official masters were headed from Moscow to Astrakhan. The chiefs of creation and planning of stone fortress were Mikhail Ivanovich Veliyaminov, Grigorii Ovcin and lecturer Dei Gubastii. For best results executives used the old, but very strong Tatar plinths which were brought from the ruins of the cities of the Golden Horde towns. Stone citadel was built by the type of Moscow Kremlin. The History of Kremlin The walls of the Astrakhan Kremlin were equipped with prongs the slots of which allowed to fire from handguns against enemies. At the same place at the top tier were formed "Varnitsa" holes through which boiled water or hot tar was poured on attackers. During those times the system of organization of “fire fighting” of the fortress was invoked as one of the most modern systems in whole Russia. Construction of Assumption Cathedral, which began in 1699 on the first of October, was probably the most significant event that was held on the territory of the Astrakhan Kremlin. Thirty professional stonemasons were invited led by bondman architect Dorotheos Myakisheva. Building of the Cathedral lasted almost 12 years. During this time, the architects created the temple with proper cubic form with five heads. The external of the Cathedral was decorated with molded brick and carved with white stone. Windows and dome heads were framed by columns in the style of Corinthian décor and semicircular arches were filled with paintings with biblical plot. Three of such arches were arranged on each side of the temple. The cathedral was divided into two floors: the upper church is dedicated to the honor of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin. Tall and light temple was intended for ceremonial worships during warm months. The lower church which is dark lightened and surrounded by the gallery columns. In 1710 the bell tower cathedral was constructed under the control of architect Dorothea Myakisheva. In addition to bells, the watch was also installed, which created freshness and uniqueness in the city. Next two centuries have become relatively calm for the Kremlin. Its buildings were repaired, rebuilt and renewed. However,in the beginning of 20th century after the October Revolution access to the Teterritory of Kremlin was closed. Instead it was transformed as a military post, where groups of Red Guards were formed the Military Revolutionary Committee was placed. In January 1918 Astrakhan Kremlin was once again in the middle of fateful events, when supporters of Soviet power fought with Astrkhan Cossaks. They attacked The Red Army that was entrenched in the Kremlin, from roofs of nearby buildings. Serious destruction was caused to the Kremlin after this battle. Miraculously temples of Kremlin have survived. In 1919 the Army was reorganized under the leadership of Kirov to protect the outfall of Volga and to defeat the White Guard troops and foreign interventionists. Thus, in the early 20th century Kremlin remains a military target. It was popularly named as “The Town of Trotsky” . Only after the end of the World War II the town opened the access to the Kremlin. At the same time Kremlin ceases to be subject of military purposes. In the middle of the 20th century significant restoration works were held, due to which many buildings, requiring urgent repairs were saved. In 1974 the Astrakhan Kremlin became a museum and in 1980 became part of the Astrakhan State United Historical-Architectural Museum-Reserve. Nowadays citizens and tourists of Astrakhan have the access to museum exhibits of the lifestyle of the Astrakhan Garrison. Moreover they can see Casual Suits archers and scorers, elements of their weapons and ammunition, the exhibition dedicated to the history of popular uprisings and corporal punishment. In 2011, after the restoration of the kremlin, Guardhouse exposition was opened, which tells about the life of Astrakhan military garrison of the 19th century.

Putin's Palace

The Residence at Cape Idokopas also known as the "Palace on the Idokopas Cape", often called in the media "Putin's Palace", "Dacha Putin", "Putin’s country cottage", etc., is a large Italianate palace complex located on the Black Sea coast near the village of Praskoveevka in Gelendzhik, Krasnodar Krai, Russia. While officially dismissed in 2010 by Vladimir Putin's spokesman Dmitry Peskov, it has been claimed that the dacha was built for the personal use of President Putin, and that its construction began during his first Presidency. Detailed claims about the project, which allegedly made improper use of state resources, were made by Sergei Kolesnikov, a businessman with ties to Putin dating from his time in Saint Petersburg prior to entering Kremlin politics. In December 2010 Kolesnikov wrote an open letter to President Dmitry Medvedev detailing the involvement of himself and others in the project and calling for Medvedev to investigate and to take action against corruption in Russia. Good quality photographs of the palace and its extensive grounds were subsequently published by the Russian language Wikileaks website in January 2011, which showed the apparently complete lavish interior decor. Following the release of the photographs the site was temporarily blocked. Spokespeople on the behalf of Putin and the Russian government have consistently dismissed Putin's connections to the property and the related allegations of corruption. In February 2011 the independent Russian newspaper Novaya Gazeta reported that it had seen documents which supported Kolesnikov by implicating Vladimir Kozhin, Head of the Presidential Property Management Department, who had denied any involvement. A spokesman refused to comment on the Novaya Gazeta article. The presence of Federal Protective Service activity in the area has been claimed as further evidence of state involvement. In April 2011 PPMD head Vladimir Kozhin admitted Kremlin involvement with project when he said that his office was contracted by Lirus Management to carry out the contract for the construction of the palace. In March 2011 it was reported that the company "Idokopas" which owned around 67 hectares of "recreational" land near the settlement of Praskoveyeka, including a "guesthouse" complex amounting to 26,000 square meters, had been sold for $350 million to Alexander Ponomarenko, a businessman and billionaire with links to Putin who made his money by controlling the Black Sea port of Novorossiysk. Ponomarenko also said he had bought a second company, "Lazurnaya Yagoda" which owns 60 hectares of agricultural land near Divnomorsk, a settlement 13 kilometers from Praskoveyevka. According to Vedomosti, however, experts think that deal was poor value. $350 million is too much they said, estimating the property at $20 million. Ponomarenko bought the unfinished complex from Nikolai Shamalov, another member of Putin's circle and the businessman at the centre of Kolesnikov's claims, and his partners. While he did not reveal his plans for its use, Ponomarenko confirmed that the property's value would be close to $350 million.

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