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Oakwood Cemetery

Oakwood Cemetery is a large, city-owned burial ground in the East End of Richmond, Virginia. Richmond established its first municipal cemetery at Shockoe Hill in 1820. The ground was very popular, and by the early 1850s, space was scarce for new burials. The city responded by buying two tracts in what was then Henrico County in 1854, totalling about 66 acres . The first burials were in 1856, under the aegis of the city's new Committee on Burying Grounds. In 1861, Richmond was named the capital of the new Confederate States of America. After the Civil War broke out, the city's hospitals and clinics received a large number of critically wounded soldiers. The Committee on Burying Grounds agreed to provide interment for soldiers who died in Richmond or Henrico County, and in July 1862 offered to have Oakwood Cemetery opened for large scale burial of Confederate soldiers, and set aside a separate section of the grounds for this purpose. Oakwood Cemetery was set as the final resting place of soldiers who died in treatment at Chimborazo Hospital, a massive facility on Church Hill. By the end of the war, the Confederate section of the cemetery covered about 7.5 acres and contained around 17,000 burials. The United States Congress passed a resolution in 1866, a year after the war's end, providing for the creation of a system of national cemeteries for the interment of veterans and war dead. The resolution also called, controversially, for the removal of Union war dead and reinterment in the new national cemeteries. Oakwood Cemetery today covers about 176 acres of ground, and continues to be maintained by the City of Richmond and various charitable trusts.

The Almshouse

The Almshouse, also known as the Richmond Nursing Home, is a historic almshouse and hospital complex located in Richmond, Virginia. The complex includes the Main Building, a ca. 1950 one-story Administration Building, the West Building and the Garage. The Main Building was built in 1860-61, and is an Italianate style brick building consisting of three symmetrically spaced pavilions linked by hyphens. Each pavilion is three stories tall, three bays wide, and rises above a raised full-story basement. The main portion of the West Building was built in 1908. It consists of three symmetrically spaced pavilions linked by hyphens. Each pavilion is two stories tall, three bays wide, and rises above a raised full-story basement. The West Building housed a charity hospital for African-American residents of Richmond. The garage is a two story masonry and wood frame two bay building. The Almshouse, later called the Richmond Nursing Home, continued to serve the less-fortunate members of the Richmond community until the late 1970s. It is now in use again as a privately managed home for low-income residents. From 1861 to 1864, it served as a Confederate States hospital, officially designated "General Hospital No. 1" but also widely known as the "Alms House Hospital". It operated under the direction of Dr. Charles Bell Gibson, the head of surgical department at the Medical College of Virginia. Many casualties from the battles of First and Second Manassas, Ball's Bluff, the Seven Days, Fredericksburg, and Chancellorsville were treated here. For much of that time, Union sick and wounded were treated in the building as well. In 1864, the building transitioned briefly to use as an officers-only facility until closing as a hospital in mid-1864. In December 1864, it became the barracks of the Virginia Military Institute Corps of Cadets after that campus had been burned by Union troops under the command of Gen. David Hunter. The cadets occupied the building until the fall of Richmond to Union forces in April 1865. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, with a boundary increase in 1990.

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