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Top Attractions in Varna

Varna Aquarium

The Varna Aquarium or Aquarium Varna is a public aquarium in Varna, Bulgarias largest city on the Black Sea coast. The aquariums exhibition focuses on the Black Seas flora and fauna which includes over 140 fish species, but also features freshwater fish, Mediterranean fish, exotic species from faraway areas of the World Ocean, mussels and algae. The foundation of the aquarium was initiated by Prince Ferdinand I on 6 January 1906 in the Euxinograd palace. Ferdinand entrusted Doctor Parashkev Stoyanov with the establishment of a maritime biological station. The monarch also requested assistance from the prominent German biologist Anton Dohrn, founder of the Stazione Zoologica in Naples, who provided Ferdinand with blueprints and photographs of the Naples station. On 25 January 1906, the Varna Municipal Council allotted money for the aquariums construction and appointed a commission in order to select a suitable location for the building. The foundation stone was laid on 22 October the same year in Varnas Sea Garden in the presence of Prince Ferdinand and the Bulgarian Royal Family, as well as many important statesmen and intellectuals. The aquariums edifice was constructed to the design of Munich-educated Varna architect Dabko Dabkov. The buildings facade is decorated with a sizable bas-relief of a clam and smaller reliefs of popular Black Sea species. The edifice was completed by 1911. However, the outbreak of the Balkan Wars in 1912 delayed the opening of the aquarium. In 1913, Ferdinand made the building property of Sofia University. World War I and the severe sanctions imposed on Bulgaria with the Treaty of Neuilly did not permit the unveiling of the aquarium until 1932, when the maritime biological station was inaugurated by Tsar Boris III. Until 1932, the building had accommodated army units, Bulgarian refugees from Thrace, the School of Mechanics and the School of Fishing. Today, the aquariums research unit, the adjoined Institute for Fish Resources, includes 12 scientists who conduct research related to hydrobiology, hydrochemistry, marine microbiology, ichthyology, plankton and benthos. The Varna Aquariums library houses 30,000 volumes of specialized literature, including rare 19th-century books and maps.

Varna Archaeological Museum

The Varna Archaeological Museum is an archaeological museum in the city of Varna on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria. Founded on 3 June 1888, when a museum, part of the City Library was established, the Varna Archaeological Museum is situated in a historic building designed in the Neo-Renaissance style by the noted architect Petko Momchilov and built in 1892–1898 for the Varna Girls School. It became state property in 1945 and since 1993 the museum occupies all of the building, parts of which it has used since 1895. One of the largest museums in Bulgaria, it features 2,150 m² of exhibition area and displays objects from the prehistoric, Thracian, Ancient Greek and Ancient Roman periods of the regions history, as well as from the times of the medieval Bulgarian and Byzantine Empires, the Ottoman rule and the Bulgarian National Revival . The Museums arguably most celebrated exhibit is the Gold of Varna, the oldest gold treasure in the world, excavated in 1972 and dating to 4600-4200 BCE, which occupies three separate exhibition halls. The museum also manages two open-air archaeological sites, the large Roman baths in the city centre and the medieval grotto of Aladzha Monastery at Golden Sands Nature Park. Four other sites are undergoing conservation and will be added to the museum roster: the 4th-5th-century episcopal basilica on Khan Krum Street; the basilica and monastery of the same period at Dzhanavara; the 9th-10th-century Theotokos monastery and scriptorium of the Preslav Literary School at Pchelina; and the Mediaeval fortified settlement of Kastritsi at Euxinograd. The museum has also a library, a childrens study museum, a gift shop, and a cafeteria. Its courtyard lapidarium hosts the annual Varna Summer International Jazz Festival.

Aladzha Monastery

Aladzha Monastery is a medieval Orthodox Christian cave monastery complex in northeastern Bulgaria, 17 km north of central Varna and 3 km west of Golden Sands beach resort, in a protected forest area adjacent to the Golden Sands Nature Park. The monastery caves were hewn into a 25-m high vertical karst cliff near the upper edge of the Franga plateau on several levels. The complex includes two small nearby catacombs. Dedicated to the Holy Trinity, it was an active hesychast monastic community of the Second Bulgarian Empire since the 12th century and perhaps survived until the early 18th century. Nearby, remains of a 5th-century cave monastery have been found. A cave monastery may have existed not far from the modern monastery Aladzha, near Varna. Its early dating to the fourth century is secured by fragments of glassware, but coins of Justinian indicate that the complex may have still been in use during the 500s. As late as the early 20th century, the forested hills surrounding the monastery and known as Hachuka or Latin, were regarded by locals as sacred and inhabited by a mythical chthonic daemon treasure keeper, Imri Pop or Rim-Papa. Today, the grotto is a popular tourist destination. Its present name appeared in the late Ottoman period; Alaca referred to its colourful murals, now almost destroyed. Thematic light shows are being staged in the summer.

Lake Varna

Lake Varna is the largest by volume and deepest liman or lake along the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, divided from the sea by a 2 km-wide strip of sand and having an area of 17 km², maximal depth 19 m, and a volume of 166 million m³. The lake has an elongated shape, its south shores are high, steep and wooded, and the north slant. Lake Varna was formed in a river valley by the raising of sea level near the end of the Pleistocene. Its bottom is covered by a thick alluvium of slime and hydrogen sulphide mud in the deepest parts; there are large deposits of medicinal fango . A number of rivers pour into the lake, including Devnya and Provadiyska that empty near the western shores of Lake Beloslav, which is connected to Lake Varna. Until the 20th century, fresh water from the lake emptied into the Black Sea through the Devnya River, but following the construction of the modern Port of Varna East (and the subsequent draining of the river), a canal was dug through the strip of sand between the sea and the lake between 1906 and 1909, which led to the lake's level dropping by 1.40 m and the incursion of sea water into the lake, which became brackish. In 1976, when a new 12 m-deep canal crossed by the Asparuhov most began operating, the lake was dredged along the stream. Another navigable canal to the west lead through the neighboring Lake Beloslav to the Port of Varna West and the Railroad Ferry Terminal. A couple of smaller specialized ports dot Lake Varna's north shore, notably the Port of LesPort and the Port of Varna Thermal Power Plant. Industrialization came at the cost of the lake's reputation of a rich fishing ground that had sustained human settlements for nearly 100,000 years. The Varna Necropolis, where the oldest gold treasure in the world was found, is located near the north shore, while the city of Varna is situated at the lake's eastern extremity. Also along the north shore are the villages of Kazashko and Ezerovo, and the villages of Zvezditsa and Konstantinovo overlook the lake from the southern heights.

Boris Georgiev City Art Gallery

The Boris Georgiev City Art Gallery is the municipal art gallery of Varna, Bulgaria. The gallery has occupied its present building at 1 Lyuben Karavelov Street since 1944. It was named the Boris Georgiev City Art Gallery in 1999, in honour of Varna-born artist Boris Georgiev . The edifice of the Boris Georgiev City Art Gallery was opened in September 1885 as the building of the Varna Mens High School. Designed in the Gothic Revival style, the building draws inspiration from medieval Northern European Brick Gothic. According to some researchers, Bulgarian National Revival master architect Gencho Kanev played an important part in the design of the edifice. Between 1912 and 1928, the building of the Varna Mens High School was used as a hospital, only to resume its operation as a school after 1928. A general meeting of Varna artists decided on 12 January 1944 to make the building the home of the Varna City Art Gallery. The north wing of the building was demolished in 1952 to make way for the Nakhimov Navy School, the modern Saints Cyril and Methodius School. Under architects Goranov and Kamenov in 1982–1987, the building was reorganized to better serve the purpose of a gallery. The Boris Georgiev City Art Gallery owns a significant collection of Bulgarian art from the early 20th century onwards, and most notably the largest collection of works by gallery patron Boris Georgiev. Other Bulgarian artists represented in the gallerys permanent exhibition are Vladimir Dimitrov, Ivan Milev, Sirak Skitnik, Zlatyu Boyadzhiev, Tsanko Lavrenov, David Peretz, Svetlin Rusev. Displayed on the second floor are examples of portrait art from the Dutch Golden Age. The gallerys third floor regularly accommodates concerts, plays and readings. In total, the gallery has an area of 1,000 square metres spread over eight exhibition halls.
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